The role of relative humidity and cement type on carbonation resistance of concrete

Elsalamawy, Mona; Mohamed, Ashraf Ragab; Kamal, Eslam M.

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2019.10.008

Cited by 91 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…is result was confirmed by [13,26,38]. e compressive strength of blended Portland cement concrete can be significantly improved by carbonation [39].…”

Section: Effect Of Carbonation and Slag Replacement On Compressive Stmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…exposure time by the regression analysis according to Fick's second law of diffusion as described in equation (8). is describes the rate of carbonation, where "x" is the depth of carbonation in mm, "t" is the time duration for carbonation in year, "C" is the rate of carbonation in mm/year 0.5 , and "x o " is the initial carbonation in mm, usually insignificant or zero [13,58,59].…”

Section: Influence Of Carbonation Rate On the Concrete Carbonation Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from considerably reducing the service life of an RC (reinforced concrete) structure, great deal of expenditure is also spent on renovation and restoration work [10,11]. e intensity of steel corrosion due to carbonation depends on the environmental conditions and weather, in particular temperature, relative humidity, nature and concentration of the external aggressive agents, quality of concrete, and depth of concrete cover [10][11][12][13]. Hence, considering the effect of CO 2 (carbonation) during the evaluation of the durability of concrete structure is vital [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of GGBS Cement Concrete under Natural Carbonation and Accelerated Carbonation Exposure

Zhao

Wang

Bezabih

2021

Journal of Engineering

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One of the primary problems related to reinforced concrete structures is carbonation of concrete. In many cases, depth of carbonation on reinforced concrete structures is used to evaluate concrete service life. Factors that can substantially affect carbonation resistance of concrete are temperature, relative humidity, cement composition, concentration of external aggressive agents, quality of concrete, and depth of concrete cover. This paper investigates the effect of varying the proportions of blended Portland cement (ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)) on mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete exposed to two different CO2 exposure conditions. Concrete cubes cast with OPC, and various percentages of GGBS (0%, 30%, 50%, and 70%) were subjected to natural (indoor) and accelerated carbonation exposure. The aim of this paper is to present the research findings and authenticate the literature results of carbonation by using GGBS cement in partial replacement of OPC. The concretes with OPC are compared to concretes with various percentages of GGBS, to assess the carbonation depth as well as rate of carbonation of GGBS-based concretes, under both accelerated carbonation and natural carbonation exposure conditions. Even though GGBS cement increases the carbonation depth, the results are not the same with different GGBS replacement percentages. A correlation is made between concrete samples exposed to 15 ± 2% carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and those exposed to natural CO2 concentration. The results reveal that the products formed by carbonation are similar under both exposure conditions. The experimental tests also revealed that GGBS cement concrete has a lower carbonation resistance than OPC concrete, due to the consumption of portlandite by the pozzolanic reaction. The combination of 70% OPC and 30% GGBS behaved well enough with respect to accelerated carbonation exposure, the depth of carbonation being roughly equivalent to that of control group (100% OPC). The results also show that rate of carbonation becomes more sensitive as the percentage of GGBS replacement increases (binder ratio), rather than duration of curing. Concretes exposed to natural carbonation (indoor) achieved lower carbonation rates than those exposed to accelerated carbonation.

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“…is result was confirmed by [13,26,38]. e compressive strength of blended Portland cement concrete can be significantly improved by carbonation [39].…”

Section: Effect Of Carbonation and Slag Replacement On Compressive Stmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Influence Of Carbonation Rate On the Concrete Carbonation Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of GGBS Cement Concrete under Natural Carbonation and Accelerated Carbonation Exposure

Zhao

Wang

Bezabih

2021

Journal of Engineering

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“…Note that the accelerated carbonation method instead of the natural exposure method was employed to evaluate the carbonation resistance property of architectural concrete. The accelerated carbonation method has been widely used in many studies [24][25][26][27][28] in view of its efficiency. Besides, this method is also quite feasible as has been demonstrated by reported investigations [24,25,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Carbonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and Aesthetics of Architectural Concrete under Chloride Attack or Carbonation

et al. 2020

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Architectural concrete has been wildly used nowadays, and those served in an offshore environment often suffer from chloride penetration and carbonation. To assess the protection and decoration performances of architectural concrete, this study exposed architectural concrete to actual marine environments and accelerated carbonation conditions. The chloride and carbonation resistance of architectural concrete was determined to evaluate the protection performance, and the corresponding surface-color-consistency was adopted to characterize its decoration performance. The results show that the total and free chloride of concrete in the marine atmosphere zone and the tidal zone generally decreases with depth; chloride content arguments significantly with exposure time, with a chloride maximum peak near the surface. Moreover, the chloride diffusion coefficient is small throughout the measurements, indicating the superior chloride resistance of architectural concrete. Furthermore, architectural concrete also possesses excellent carbonation resistance based on the carbonation depth data obtained from the carbonation experiment. Therefore, architecture concrete served as protection covers can withstand both the chloride attack and carbonation tested in this paper. In addition, carbonation was found to have a profound influence on the aesthetics of architectural concrete. Therefore, carbonation should be carefully handled for better maintaining the aesthetic appearance of architectural concrete in long-term service.

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“…The steel reinforcement in concrete is naturally protected by the high alkalinity of the concrete (pH > 12.5) that promotes the formation of a passive film on its surface during the curing process. This oxide layer can be influenced by the steel substrate, as well as the external environment [12]. In 2016, Alhozaimy et al [13] studied the consequences of changing the oxygen concentrations on the quality of the passive films formed on the surface of steel rebars in RCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

et al. 2021

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The use of advanced sensing devices for concrete and reinforced concrete structures (RCS) is considered a rational approach for the assessment of repair options and scheduling of inspection and maintenance strategies. The immediate benefits are cost reduction and a reliable prevention of unpredictable events. The use of optical fiber sensors (OFS) for such purposes has increased considerably in the last few years due to their intrinsic advantages. In most of the OFS, the chemical transducer consists of immobilized chemical reagents placed in the sensing region of the optical sensor by direct deposition or by encapsulation in a polymeric matrix. The choice of the support matrix impacts directly on the performance of the OFS. In the last two decades, the development of OFS functionalized with organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) sol–gel membranes have been reported. Sol–gel route is considered a simple method that offers several advantages when compared to traditional synthesis processes, allowing to obtain versatile materials with unique chemical and physical properties, and is particularly valuable in the design of OIH materials. This review will provide an update of the current state-of-the-art of the OFS based on OIH sol-gel materials for concrete and RCS since 2016 until mid-2021. The main achievements in the synthesis of OIH membranes for deposition on OFS will be discussed. The challenges and future directions in this field will also be considered, as well as the main limitations of OFS for RCS monitoring.

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The role of relative humidity and cement type on carbonation resistance of concrete

Cited by 91 publications

References 20 publications

Performance of GGBS Cement Concrete under Natural Carbonation and Accelerated Carbonation Exposure

Performance of GGBS Cement Concrete under Natural Carbonation and Accelerated Carbonation Exposure

Durability and Aesthetics of Architectural Concrete under Chloride Attack or Carbonation

Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

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