“…Over the last decade there has been increased recognition of tinnitus heterogeneity and the drives for personalized therapeutic approaches (Van de Heyning et al, 2015;Cederroth et al, 2019;McFerran et al, 2019;Simoes et al, 2019). No two patients are likely to experience the same tinnitus; their perception and rection will differ as will their personality (Searchfield, 2014), genetics (Maas et al, 2017;Veile et al, 2018) lifestyle (Veile et al, 2018) beliefs (Fludra et al, 2022) and whether they are seeking help (Rademaker et al, 2021). Behavioral neuroimaging and animal studies demonstrate tinnitus-associated changes in not only the auditory system but also other sensory systems and networks related to memory, emotion, attention, and stress (Knobel and Sanchez, 2008;Roberts et al, 2010;Henry et al, 2014;Simonetti and Oiticica, 2015;Leaver et al, 2016;Henton and Tzounopoulos, 2021).…”