“…This is essentially because CO 2 comprises about three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions (Akpan & Akpan, 2012;Asongu, le Roux & Biekpe, 2018). Moreover, according to McGrath (2018) and You and Lv (2018) and attendant literature, CO 2 emissions are at an all-time high and globalization (used in this research as a moderating variable) is a determining factor (Emir & Bekun, 2019;Saint Akadiri, Alola, Akadiri & Alola, 2019;Alola, Yalçiner, Alola & Saint Akadiri, 2019a;Alola, Bekun & Sarkodie, 2019b;Bekun & Agboola, 2019;Bekun & Akadiri, 2019;Bekun, Alola & Sarkodie, 2019a ;Bekun, Emir & Sarkodie, 2019b).…”