“…The Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI), originally developed and validated by Samuel in 2004, was utilized as the measurement tool for assessing academic resilience in our research study [45]. The ARI consists of 29 items and encompasses three subscales: positivity (items 1, 2, 3, 9, 21, 22), future orientation (items 24,20,19,18,17,16,12,8,6,4), and communication skills (items 26, 25,23,15,14,13,11,10,7,5,29,28,27).…”