The Role of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases in Plant Homeostasis

Obomighie, Irabonosi; Lapėnas, Kęstutis; Murphy, Billy E.; Bowles, Alexander M. C.; Bechtold, Ulrike; Prischi, Filippo

doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.636560

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…TOR also directly regulates ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) activity through phosphorylation, thereby regulating the protein translation or re-initiation of translation. Consistently, s6k1/s6k2 has an embryonic lethal phenotype similar to tor [69]. Another study used chemical genetics to determine that S6K2 overexpression can partially rescue the growth arrest phenotype caused by tor [39].…”

Section: Auxin and Tor Interplay Regulates The Formation Of Embryonic Rootsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Phosphorylated Eif3h regulates mRNA containing upstream open reading frames (uORFs) to complete the translation re-initiation [ 83 ]. Another study demonstrated that the mRNA regulated by TOR–S6Ks includes auxin signaling pathway elements such as ARFs and RBR [ 69 ]. Therefore, auxin activates TOR–S6Ks, a signaling pathway that regulates auxin signaling protein synthesis.…”

Section: Auxin and Tor Interact To Regulate The Development Of Primary Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis

Xie

Wang

Datla

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The programs associated with embryonic roots (ERs), primary roots (PRs), lateral roots (LRs), and adventitious roots (ARs) play crucial roles in the growth and development of roots in plants. The root functions are involved in diverse processes such as water and nutrient absorption and their utilization, the storage of photosynthetic products, and stress tolerance. Hormones and signaling pathways play regulatory roles during root development. Among these, auxin is the most important hormone regulating root development. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway has also been shown to play a key role in root developmental programs. In this article, the milestones and influential progress of studying crosstalk between auxin and TOR during the development of ERs, PRs, LRs and ARs, as well as their functional implications in root morphogenesis, development, and architecture, are systematically summarized and discussed.

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Section: Auxin and Tor Interplay Regulates The Formation Of Embryonic Rootsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Auxin and Tor Interact To Regulate The Development Of Primary Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis

Xie

Wang

Datla

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In mammals, TOR-mediated phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), and La-related protein 1 has critical roles in mRNA translation (Yang et al, 2022). Although 4E-BPs remain elusive in plants, the TOR-S6K-ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) pathway is conserved (Obomighie et al, 2021). Unlike most eukaryotes, which harbor two distinct TOR complexes, plants have only one TOR complex (TORC), consisting of TOR, Regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR), and Lethal with sec thirteen protein 8 (LST8) (Maegawa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Translational Control For Effector-triggered Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant translational reprogramming for stress resilience

Son

Park²

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Organisms regulate gene expression to produce essential proteins for numerous biological processes, from growth and development to stress responses. Transcription and translation are the major processes of gene expression. Plants evolved various transcription factors and transcriptome reprogramming mechanisms to dramatically modulate transcription in response to environmental cues. However, even the genome-wide modulation of a gene’s transcripts will not have a meaningful effect if the transcripts are not properly biosynthesized into proteins. Therefore, protein translation must also be carefully controlled. Biotic and abiotic stresses threaten global crop production, and these stresses are seriously deteriorating due to climate change. Several studies have demonstrated improved plant resistance to various stresses through modulation of protein translation regulation, which requires a deep understanding of translational control in response to environmental stresses. Here, we highlight the translation mechanisms modulated by biotic, hypoxia, heat, and drought stresses, which are becoming more serious due to climate change. This review provides a strategy to improve stress tolerance in crops by modulating translational regulation.

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“…P70S6K plays a critical role in the signaling pathways by which AII induces hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells [119]. V-ATPase activity is required for the S6K activation (where S6K required for ribosomes repairs) [120]. And, β-Adrenergic agonists regulate Na-K-ATPase via p70S6k [121].…”

Section: The Role Of S6k In Cells Growth and In Nrf2 Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

GCs-beta and B-arrestins Regulate Nrf2 via NR4As Productive Pathway Mediated by B-adrenergic for Anti-inflammation and Adopting Myocardial and Immune Functions

Tantawi¹

2023

Jap J Clin & Med Res

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The nuclear receptors “NR4As” productive pathway is the so important pathways for activating classic estrogen receptors and are important for regulating the adopted cellular anti-inflammatory growth (mediated by glucocorticoids, Nrf2, Ang2-AT2, and VEGF-A synthesis)which considered as the basic for B-arrestins synthesis which adopt B Adrenergic, and Nrf2 synthesis, that Nrf2 is strong activator to ACE functions for promoting Ang2-AT2 and VEGF-A synthesis for running the adopted anti-inflammatory growth and heme oxygenase. The modulation of oxidative stress will be done by serotonin synthesis (regulated by tryptophan “TGG”) which will promote melatonin synthesis which necessary to activate glucocorticoids productions via NR4A2 pathway followed by B-arrestins and Nrf2 productions for activating Ang2-AT2 and VEGF-A productions. That melatonin synthesis will be associated with GTPase production which promote and activate OPA1 repairs and functions, and responsible for activating glutamine synthesis which stabilize Leu functions through Nrf2 functions. This study concluded that NR4As productive pathway are the important pathway for improving anti-oxidation through improving IL6 productivity to IL17 productions, and is important for glucocorticoids-beta synthesis followed by B-arrestins productions which activate B Adrenergic synthesis that are necessary for activating Nrf2 production that followed by activating ACE for Ang2-AT2 and VEGF-A synthesis for running anti-inflammatory growth, modulating antioxidative stress, activate heme oxygenase, modulating brain function and memories growth , and activating T-cells and B-cell functions. That NR4As exert multilevel regulations of brain function and cardiac functions that protect immune survival from vascular cardiac diseases, and are the primary modulator to pro-inflammation and stimulator for variety of active genes and subunits started by estrogen and GCs-beta productions which followed by activating B-arrestins which activate B Adrenergic synthesis which has the roles of activating Nrf2 productions for adopting antioxidative functions, heme oxygenase, vasoconstriction functions, and anti-inflammatory growth mediated by Ang2-AT2 and VEGF-A synthesis.

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The Role of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases in Plant Homeostasis

Cited by 13 publications

References 97 publications

Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis

Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis

Plant translational reprogramming for stress resilience

GCs-beta and B-arrestins Regulate Nrf2 via NR4As Productive Pathway Mediated by B-adrenergic for Anti-inflammation and Adopting Myocardial and Immune Functions

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