The Role of Rootstock Selection in Pistachio Cultivation

Abstract

Rootstocks are critical in selecting pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivation and its impact on scion performance. Pistachio rootstocks exhibited distinct absorption capabilities, impacting leaf nutrient concentrations and tree health. The review discusses current knowledge on the influence of various rootstocks on growth habit, nutrient uptake, yield, nut quality, alternate bearing, and responses to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and cold. Contrary to the traditional belief linking higher yield solely to vigor and size, the review emphasized the need for an in-depth understanding of the interplay between rootstock, scion, and their interaction to optimize yield. Additionally, we discussed the influence of rootstock selection on pistachio nut quality, including early splitting, hull cracking, and fatty acid composition. It addressed the complex phenomenon of alternate bearing, highlighting how vigorous rootstocks could affect cyclic variations in crop yield through increased carbohydrate resources. Rootstocks mitigate salinity stress, enhancing drought tolerance and preserving nut quality under water stress. The study emphasized the significance of rootstock choice in cold climates, advocating for identifying and using cold-tolerant rootstocks to enhance orchard resilience against cold stress. The findings provide valuable insights for growers and researchers, facilitating informed decision-making regarding rootstock selection in pistachio cultivation worldwide.