The role of sand flies as vectors of viruses other than phleboviruses

Jancarova, Magdalena; Polanska, Nikola; Volf, Petr; Dvořák, Vít

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001837

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(333 reference statements)

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“…Also, sand ies are vectors of several arboviruses, being the Phlebovirus the most studied. Nevertheless, other lesser-known viruses have also been identi ed in phlebotomine sand ies (Jancarova et al 2023). Among the Phlebovirus, the Toscana virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) is the most clinically relevant, being considered a major cause of meningitis and encephalitis in the Mediterranean region (Charrel et al 2005).…”

Section: Full Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Madrid, Spain: an early warning for the temporal dynamic modification of leishmaniosis’ epidemiology?

de Freitas Milagres,

López-de-Felipe,

da Silva

et al. 2024

Int J Trop Insect Sci

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Global changes, such as climate change, represent a worldwide risk for the management of leishmaniosis. The transmission pro le can be modi ed by several mechanisms, mainly through the distribution and ecology of the vectors, causing direct effects on their survival, generation time, reproduction rate and population size. Sergentomyia minuta is an endemic species of the Old World, considered the most abundant in some areas of Spain. Even though S. minuta has traditionally been seen as herpetophilic, several recent research suggest this species to play a potential role in Leishmania infantum transmission. Furthermore, the Toscana virus has previously been detected in S. minuta and the potential role of this species in the epidemiology of this emerging arbovirus is still uncertain and needs further research. At the end of April 2023, a total of 10 individuals of S. minuta were collected in Torrelodones (Madrid, Central Spain), this being the rst collection of sand ies of any species during the month of April in this region. While it is known that climate change can have a signi cant impact on sand y distribution and behavior, little is known about the microscale effect of this variation on vector biology and ecology. The early detection of S. minuta in an endemic area of leishmaniosis such as the Madrid region suggests the potential impact on the epidemiology of these diseases. Furthermore, this early

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Section: Full Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Madrid, Spain: an early warning for the temporal dynamic modification of leishmaniosis’ epidemiology?

de Freitas Milagres,

López-de-Felipe,

da Silva

et al. 2024

Int J Trop Insect Sci

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“…Interestingly, even though sandfly-borne viruses have been extensively studied using traditional methods (reviewed in Ayhan and Charrel 2017;Depaquit et al 2010;Jancarova et al 2023), no metataxonomic approach has yet been used to analyze the viral component of the microbiome.…”

Section: Sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Metatranscriptomic and Related Studies in Hematophagous Disease-Transmitting Vectors

McCarthy

2024

J FL Mosq Control Assoc

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The incidence of numerous vector-borne diseases (VBDs) has recently increased alarmingly due to various widespread factors, including unplanned urbanization, greater human mobility, environmental changes, vector resistance to insecticides, and evolving pathogens. In this context, the World Health Organization (WHO) has repositioned effective and sustainable vector control as a key approach to prevent and eliminate VBDs. It has been shown that the microbiome influences development, nutrition, and pathogen defense in disease-transmitting vectors such as mosquitoes, sandflies, tsetse flies, triatomine bugs, and ticks. Consequently, understanding the endogenous regulation of vector biology can aid in developing effective approaches for vector control. In this respect, a metatranscriptomic approach analyzes all the expressed RNAs in an environmental sample (meta-RNAs) and can thus reveal how the metabolic activities of the microbiome influence vector biology. This review includes an extensive analysis of available literature on microbial and viral studies for some of the major hematophagous disease-transmitting arthropods, with a focus on studies that used next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. Since a consensus terminology for these “meta-sequencing analyses” has not yet been established, a definition of these terms is presented here to provide the framework for systematically sorting the available information for each of the VBDs analyzed here to single out metatranscriptomic analyses. Finally, key gaps in knowledge were identified for some of these hematophagous disease-transmitting arthropods which will prove very useful for driving future studies.

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“…Sandflies are mostly known for transmitting leishmaniasis but can also harbor and transmit viruses [ 6 ]. Although in Europe, these insects of the genus Phebotomus represent important viral vectors [ 7 ], little is known about sandfly-borne viruses in the Americas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdoviral Endogenous Sequences Identified in the Leishmaniasis Vector Lutzomyia longipalpis Are Widespread in Sandflies from South America

Tempone,

Zezza-Ramalho,

Borely

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Sandflies are known vectors of leishmaniasis. In the Old World, sandflies are also vectors of viruses while little is known about the capacity of New World insects to transmit viruses to humans. Here, we relate the identification of RNA sequences with homology to rhabdovirus nucleocapsids (NcPs) genes, initially in the Lutzomyia longipalpis LL5 cell lineage, named NcP1.1 and NcP2. The Rhabdoviridae family never retrotranscribes its RNA genome to DNA. The sequences here described were identified in cDNA and DNA from LL-5 cells and in adult insects indicating that they are transcribed endogenous viral elements (EVEs). The presence of NcP1.1 and NcP2 in the L. longipalpis genome was confirmed in silico. In addition to showing the genomic location of NcP1.1 and NcP2, we identified another rhabdoviral insertion named NcP1.2. Analysis of small RNA molecules derived from these sequences showed that NcP1.1 and NcP1.2 present a profile consistent with elements targeted by primary piRNAs, while NcP2 was restricted to the degradation profile. The presence of NcP1.1 and NcP2 was investigated in sandfly populations from South America and the Old World. These EVEs are shared by different sandfly populations in South America while none of the Old World species studied presented the insertions.

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The role of sand flies as vectors of viruses other than phleboviruses

Cited by 21 publications

References 171 publications

Early detection of Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Madrid, Spain: an early warning for the temporal dynamic modification of leishmaniosis’ epidemiology?

Early detection of Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Madrid, Spain: an early warning for the temporal dynamic modification of leishmaniosis’ epidemiology?

Current Status of Metatranscriptomic and Related Studies in Hematophagous Disease-Transmitting Vectors

Rhabdoviral Endogenous Sequences Identified in the Leishmaniasis Vector Lutzomyia longipalpis Are Widespread in Sandflies from South America

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