“…CD and UC are the two principal IBD, which can affect people at any age and are characterised by a remitting-relapsing course [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [25] , [26] , [27] , often requiring medical, surgical, or combined approaches [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] . Etiopathogenesis of IBD relies on complex interactions between autoimmune mechanisms and environmental factors, which have not been fully understood [1] , [25] , [26] .…”