The role of self-disclosure in human-robot interaction

Eyssel, Friederike Anne; Wullenkord, Ricarda; Nitsch, Verena

doi:10.1109/roman.2017.8172413

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…One item assessed to what extent participants perceived the robot as humanlike. Mind perception is one form of humanity attribution reflecting anthropomorphization (e.g., [29], [30], [31]). 12 items [32] tapped the two dimensions of mind perception, agency ("I think the robot can make plans and work towards a goal.…”

Section: Humanlikeness (H1a) and Anthropomorphization (H1b)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can(‘t) Wait to Have a Robot at Home? - Japanese and German Users' Attitudes Toward Service Robots in Smart Homes

Bernotat

Eyssel

2018

2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)

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In the present study, we compared Japanese and German participants' perceptions of social robots. To do so, participants from both cultural backgrounds evaluated two types of service robots designed for use in the smart home context. One of the prototypes featured a rather technical appearance, whereas the other prototype featured a newly designed social robot head. Against our predictions, Japanese and German participants evaluated both robot types similarly. Japanese participants generally showed a stronger tendency to anthropomorphize nonhuman agents and attributed more mind, particularly on the experience dimension, to both robot types than German participants. Nonetheless, Japanese and German participants attributed similar levels of agency to both robot types. Unexpectedly, Japanese participants perceived the robots even as less humanlike than German participants. As predicted, Japanese participants reported less attitudinal robot acceptance and tended to show less trust toward both robot types than Germans. Japanese and Germans indicated similar levels of robot anxiety, perceived uncanniness, and robot likeability. Japanese and German participants generally perceived the robots rather as machines and tools than as human companions. Especially German participants wanted to use the robots for rather safe, boring, and simple tasks that do not require any direct interaction with them. Japanese and German participants were not yet familiar with robots and showed less positive attitudes toward them than widely believed (e.g., [1]). Implications how to gain a more realistic view on users' perceptions of robots to enable a fruitful and comfortable HRI are discussed. *This research was supported by the Cluster of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology 'CITEC' (EXC 277) at Bielefeld University, which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). It is further related to the European Project CODEFROR (FP7-PIRSES-2013-612555). might perceive robots differently: Shinto and Buddhism are prevalent religions in Japan, while German culture is influenced by Christianity. A Shinto legend holds that Japanese islands were formed by two gods who became progenitors of the gods of Shinto religion and of the first Emperor of Japan [3]. This belief resulted in a deep respect for nature, animals, gods, and heroes. Further, Japanese people believe that a soul, humanlike traits, and intentions are inherent in any entity, such as in gods, heroes, animals, and nature. This is also reflected in Japanese popular culture in which various kinds of nonhuman agents, including robots, are presented as having humanlike traits [4]. According to [5], anthropomorphism, the tendency to ascribe human traits to nonhuman agents, helps to understand others' behavior and thus might reduce uncertainty. Accordingly, one might assume that the tendency to anthropomorphize nonhuman agents and the prevalence of robots in Japanese popular culture is linked to more positive evaluations of HRI and less anxiety toward robots than in Western countries. H...

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Section: Humanlikeness (H1a) and Anthropomorphization (H1b)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can(‘t) Wait to Have a Robot at Home? - Japanese and German Users' Attitudes Toward Service Robots in Smart Homes

Bernotat

Eyssel

2018

2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)

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“…The measure used asked participants to indicate whether the robot in the video demonstrated a forward lean, used self-disclosure statements, used voice pitch changes, or none of the above . Before viewing the recordings, participants were verbally given the following definition to identify robot self-disclosure: “self-disclosure is the act of revealing personal information about oneself to another [12], please indicate if you feel the robot has revealed personal information about itself in any of the following recordings.”…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-disclosure refers to the act of revealing personal information about oneself to another and is recognized as central to the process of building close relationships [12]. Research into the use of self-disclosure in human interactions has found that self-disclosure is more effective when negatively skewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of robot self-disclosure and its effect on human-robot interactions is limited. In the research that has been undertaken so far, the use of self-disclosure by a robot has been shown to increase users’ ratings of a robot’s agency and experience [12], stabilize users’ anxiety about a robot’s communication capacity [14], increase users’ perceptions of a robot’s likability, and decrease users’ feelings of control [15]. No research to date has examined the effect of robot self-disclosure on human engagement or attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As detailed above, a number of human attentional behaviors have yet to be fully explored within the context of health care human-robot interactions. In regard to self-disclosure, a handful of studies have investigated the effect of robot self-disclosure on user outcomes such as anxiety [15], perceived robot likability [14], and perceived robot mind attribution [12]. However, no studies have investigated the effect of robot self-disclosure on any user attentional outcomes, such as engagement (attention), perceived robot attention, and perceived robot empathy, or user attentional behaviors in health care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Robot Attentional Behaviors on User Perceptions and Behaviors in a Simulated Health Care Interaction: Randomized Controlled Trial

Johanson¹,

Ahn²,

MacDonald³

et al. 2019

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundFor robots to be effectively used in health applications, they need to display appropriate social behaviors. A fundamental requirement in all social interactions is the ability to engage, maintain, and demonstrate attention. Attentional behaviors include leaning forward, self-disclosure, and changes in voice pitch.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the effect of robot attentional behaviors on user perceptions and behaviors in a simulated health care interaction.MethodsA parallel randomized controlled trial with a 1:1:1 allocation ration was conducted. We randomized participants to 1 of 4 experimental conditions before engaging in a scripted face-to-face interaction with a fully automated medical receptionist robot. Experimental conditions included a self-disclosure condition, voice pitch change condition, forward lean condition, and neutral condition. Participants completed paper-based postinteraction measures relating to engagement, perceived robot attention, and perceived robot empathy. We video recorded interactions and coded for participant attentional behaviors.ResultsA total of 181 participants were recruited from the University of Auckland. Participants who interacted with the robot in the forward lean and self-disclosure conditions found the robot to be significantly more stimulating than those who interacted with the robot in the voice pitch or neutral conditions (P=.03). Participants in the forward lean, self-disclosure, and neutral conditions found the robot to be significantly more interesting than those in the voice pitch condition (P<.001). Participants in the forward lean and self-disclosure conditions spent significantly more time looking at the robot than participants in the neutral condition (P<.001). Significantly, more participants in the self-disclosure condition laughed during the interaction (P=.01), whereas significantly more participants in the forward lean condition leant toward the robot during the interaction (P<.001).ConclusionsThe use of self-disclosure and forward lean by a health care robot can increase human engagement and attentional behaviors. Voice pitch changes did not increase attention or engagement. The small effects with regard to participant perceptions are potentially because of the limitations in self-report measures or a lack of comparison for most participants who had never interacted with a robot before. Further research could explore the use of self-disclosure and forward lean using a within-subjects design and in real health care settings.

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Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Applications in Health, Assistance, and Entertainment

2018

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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The elderly in the future will use smart house technology, sensors, and robots to stay at home longer. Privacy at home for these elderly is important. In this exploratory paper, we examine different understandings of privacy and use Palen and Dourish's framework to look at the negotiation of privacy along boundaries between a human at home, the robot, and its sensors. We select three dilemmas: turning sensors on and off, the robot seeing through walls, and machine learning. We discuss these dilemmas and also discuss ways the robot can help make the elderly more aware of privacy issues and to build trust.

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The role of self-disclosure in human-robot interaction

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Can(‘t) Wait to Have a Robot at Home? - Japanese and German Users' Attitudes Toward Service Robots in Smart Homes

Can(‘t) Wait to Have a Robot at Home? - Japanese and German Users' Attitudes Toward Service Robots in Smart Homes

The Effect of Robot Attentional Behaviors on User Perceptions and Behaviors in a Simulated Health Care Interaction: Randomized Controlled Trial

Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Applications in Health, Assistance, and Entertainment

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