“…The flipped classroom differs from the earlier blended learning model in that it consists of two types of learning, which form the two learning phases (Bergmann & Sams, 2012;Bishop & Verleger, 2013). The first phase is the pre-class individual learning phase, during which the students are exposed to the learning content through a variety of media formats, such as video and text (Bergmann & Sams, 2012;Bishop & Verleger, 2013;Mohamed & Lamia, 2018;Sun et al, 2018). The second phase is the in-class interactive learning phase, in which students have various types of interactive learning activities, such as Q&A, explanation of advanced concepts, discussions, problem solving and collaborative projects (Long, Cummins, & Waugh, 2017;Kim & Park, 2017;Lee, Lim & Kim, 2017).…”