“…Furthermore, developing a reliable, easy-to-use, and cost-effective RPW detection device is an effective solution for reducing the gap in early detection [44]. In this regard, the literature provides some successful examples of early detection techniques in terms of efficiency, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness, such as biological and physiological indicators, thermal imaging, chemical signatures, acoustics, laser-induced remote sensing, breakdown spectroscopy, and near-infrared spectroscopy [9,[44][45][46][47][48][49]. Additionally, the FAO established a global RPW management platform that includes a mobile app tool for collecting and transmitting data on palm inspection [16].…”