The role of serotonin in intestinal luminal sensing and secretion

Hansen, Mark Berner; Witte, Anne-Barbara

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01870.x

Cited by 123 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…CBF regulation via serotonin secretion) are combined in a single epidermal cell type. As serotonin has been shown to stimulate mucus secretion in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals (Hansen and Witte, 2008), serotonin could also influence mucus secretion in the larval skin of Xenopus, either acting on SSCs in an autocrine loop or in a paracrine manner affecting goblet cells. A dual function of serotonin on ciliary beating and mucus release has indeed been experimentally demonstrated in the MCE of the adult frog palatine mucosa (Maruyama et al, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel serotonin-secreting cell type regulates ciliary motility in the mucociliary epidermis of Xenopus tadpoles

et al. 2014

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The embryonic skin of Xenopus tadpoles serves as an experimental model system for mucociliary epithelia (MCE) such as the human airway epithelium. MCEs are characterized by the presence of mucus-secreting goblet and multiciliated cells (MCCs). A third cell type, ion-secreting cells (ISCs), is present in the larval skin as well. Synchronized beating of MCC cilia is required for directional transport of mucus. Here we describe a novel cell type in the Xenopus laevis larval epidermis, characterized by serotonin synthesis and secretion. It is termed small secretory cell (SSC). SSCs are detectable at early tadpole stages, unlike MCCs and ISCs, which are specified at early neurulation. Subcellularly, serotonin was found in large, apically localized vesicle-like structures, which were entirely shed into the surrounding medium. Pharmacological inhibition of serotonin synthesis decreased the velocity of cilia-driven fluid flow across the skin epithelium. This effect was mediated by serotonin type 3 receptor (Htr3), which was expressed in ciliated cells. Knockdown of Htr3 compromised flow velocity by reducing the ciliary motility of MCCs. SSCs thus represent a distinct and novel entity of the frog tadpole MCE, required for ciliary beating and mucus transport across the larval skin. The identification and characterization of SSCs consolidates the value of the Xenopus embryonic skin as a model system for human MCEs, which have been known for serotonindependent regulation of ciliary beat frequency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel serotonin-secreting cell type regulates ciliary motility in the mucociliary epidermis of Xenopus tadpoles

et al. 2014

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“…Activation of the various receptors such as cholinergic, nicotinic, and serotonin 3 receptors, trigger intracellular messenger systems, which regulate the secretion of serotonin. 12 Monoacylglycerol has been reported to act as an endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptors, 13 which seem to be involved in serotonin 3 receptors. 14 Although we should perform more studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism in the future, 1-monoacylglycerol may be more strongly associated with stimulatory receptors for serotonin release from the enterochromaffin cells compared with 2-monoacylglycerol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular mechanism for diacylglycerol-mediated promotion of negative caloric balance

Yanai

Tomono²,

Ito³

et al. 2009

DMSO

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Aims A substitution of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil for triacylglycerol (TAG) oil in diet has been reported to reduce body fat and body weight, possibly by increasing postprandial energy expenditure (EE). We have previously studied plasma serotonin, which increases EE and exists in the small intestine, in individuals who ingested TAG and DAG oil, and found that DAG ingestion elevates plasma serotonin levels by about 50% compared with TAG ingestion. We studied the molecular mechanisms for DAG-mediated increase in serotonin and EE. Methods We studied effects of 1-monoacylglycerol and 2-monoacylglycerol, distinct digestive products of DAG and TAG, respectively, on serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells (the human intestinal cell line, n = 8). Further, we studied effects of 1- and 2-monoacylglycerol, and serotonin on expression of mRNA associated with β-oxidation, FA metabolism, and thermogenesis, in the Caco-2 cells ( n = 5). Results 1-monoacylglycerol (100 μM 1-monooleyl glycerol [1-MOG]) significantly increased serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells compared with 2-monoacylglycerol (100 μM 2-MOG) by 36.6%. Expression of mRNA of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), fatty acid translocase (FAT), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) were significantly higher in 100 μM 1-MOG-treated Caco-2 cells than 100 μM 2-MOG-treated cells by 12.8%, 23.7%, and 35.1%, respectively. Further, expression of mRNA of ACO, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, FAT, and UCP-2 were significantly elevated in serotonin (400 nM)-treated Caco-2 cells compared with cells incubated without serotonin by 28.7%, 30.1%, and 39.2%, respectively. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that 1-monoacylglycerol, a digestive product of DAG, increases serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells, and enhances expression of genes associated with β-oxidation, FA metabolism, and thermogenesis, and that serotonin increases expression of these genes, proposing a novel molecular mechanism for DAG-mediated promotion of negative caloric balance.

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“…Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neuromodulator that is mainly produced in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where it plays a critical role in the regulation of several physiological processes, mainly by acting as a paracrine signalling molecule [1][2][3][4]. The serotoninergic system in the GI tract includes the serotonin transporter (SERT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of serotonin transporter activity by adenosine in intestinal epithelial cells

Matheus¹,

Mendoza²,

Iceta³

et al. 2009

Biochemical Pharmacology

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Serotonin plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal physiology. The serotonin transporter (SERT) expressed in the intestinal epithelium determines 5-HT availability and activity. The serotoninergic system and SERT activity have been described as being altered in chronic intestinal pathologies such as inflammatory diseases. Adenosine has also been shown to be involved in a variety of intestinal functions and to play a central role in the regulation of inflammatory responses of injured tissue. Since the modulation of SERT by adenosine in the intestine remains unknown, the aim of the present work was to study the effect of adenosine on SERT activity and expression and to determine the molecular mechanism involved. The study has been carried out using human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells which endogenously express SERT. The results show that adenosine diminishes SERT activity in both the apical and basal membranes by acting in the intrinsic molecule with no alteration of either SERT mRNA or protein levels. The effect of adenosine appears to be mediated by A 2 receptors and activation of the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway. Moreover, the adenosine effect did not seem to involve the activation of AMP activated protein kinase. Adenosine effects are reached at high concentrations, which suggests that adenosine modulation of SERT may be significant under conditions of inflammation and tissue injury.

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The role of serotonin in intestinal luminal sensing and secretion

Cited by 123 publications

References 107 publications

A novel serotonin-secreting cell type regulates ciliary motility in the mucociliary epidermis of Xenopus tadpoles

A novel serotonin-secreting cell type regulates ciliary motility in the mucociliary epidermis of Xenopus tadpoles

A molecular mechanism for diacylglycerol-mediated promotion of negative caloric balance

Regulation of serotonin transporter activity by adenosine in intestinal epithelial cells

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