The Role of Sexual Provocativeness, Rape History, and Observer Gender in Perceptions of Blame in Sexual Assault

Schult, Deborah; Schneider, Lawrence J.

doi:10.1177/088626091006001007

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous research has suggested that in interpersonal situations, perceived similarity leads to more generous attributions, regardless of outcome (e.g. Calhoun, Selby & Warring, 1976;Arkin, Gabrenya & McGarvey, 1978;Kanekar & Kolsawalla, 1981;Kanekar, Pinto & Mazumdar, 1985;Schult & Schneider, 1991). When two people perceive themselves to be similar to each other along some dimension, they will not only give each other more credit for successful outcomes, but they will also take more responsibility for failed outcomes.…”

Section: The Self-serving Biasmentioning

confidence: 94%

Are computers scapegoats? Attributions of responsibility in human–computer interaction

Moon

Nass

1998

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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Section: The Self-serving Biasmentioning

confidence: 94%

Are computers scapegoats? Attributions of responsibility in human–computer interaction

Moon

Nass

1998

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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“…First, male participants attribute greater responsibility to a victim of rape than female participants judging the same vignette (Bell et al 1994;Brems and Wagner 1994). Second, male participants are more likely to rate the victim as provoking the assault (Szymanski et al 1993), and inviting the sexual behavior (Schult and Schneider 1991) than female participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Club Drug Use and Intentionality in Perceptions of Rape Victims

2007

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The purpose of the present study was to examine whether intentionality of alcohol or club drug use would affect observer attributions of a victim and a perpetrator after a sexual assault. Participants were 198 male and female college students sampled from a small college located in the United States. In general, participants attributed less blame to the victim, more guilt to the perpetrator, and were more likely to define the assault as rape and convict the perpetrator when the substance use was involuntary as opposed to voluntary. Participants also attributed more blame to the victim and less pleasure to the perpetrator when the sexual assault involved GHB as opposed to Everclear. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…In the first task, participants read a mock police file and then answered questions relating to the perceived innocence and guilt of the survivor (CRQ; Schult & Schneider, 1991). In addition to these measures, participants completed an open-ended question immediately after reading the scenario.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Case Reaction Questionnaire (CRQ; Schult & Schneider, 1991) included nine questions that measured participants' perceptions of both survivor (''To what extent do YOU think [the survivor's] behavior contributed to the rape?'') and perpetrator blame (''If [the survivor] had come to talk to you, how much would YOU want [the survivor] to blame what happened on the assailant?'').…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Class and Sexuality-Based Stereotyping on Rape Blame

Spencer

2016

Sexualization, Media, & Society

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In order to investigate whether stereotypes about sexuality can impact perceptions of sexual assault, participants read a scenario that described a situation in which a woman reported being raped. The woman's socioeconomic status (SES) was varied, so that she appeared to be of low or high-SES. Following the vignette, participants completed explicit measures that assessed victim blame, attitudes toward rape victims, and perceived promiscuity. Participants also answered an open-ended question that was coded for minimizing and maximizing language. Last, participants completed an ''attitude survey'' that measured classist attitudes. It was hypothesized that participants who read about the low-SES woman would show more rape blame, display more negative attitudes about rape victims, respond to the open-ended question with more minimizing language, and perceive her as being more promiscuous. It was also predicted that these explicit measures would be positively correlated and that the language measure would be moderated by participants' classism. Results supported these hypotheses. Participants who read about the low-SES survivor showed more negative attitudes, believed her to be more culpable, and more promiscuous. The explicit measures were positively correlated. Additionally, participants differed in linguistic minimization and maximization, such that participants who were low in classism were more likely to maximize the low-SES target's experience, whereas participants who were high in classism were more likely to minimize the low-SES target's experience. Taken together, these results suggest that low-SES women are stereotyped as being promiscuous and that this stereotype affects how they may be blamed after cases of sexual assault. Public Health Significance Statement: The results of this study suggest that low-socioeconomic status (SES) survivors of assault are more likely to be blamed and found culpable for the assault than high-SES women. These attitudes correlate with stereotypes about low-SES women's sexuality.

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The Role of Sexual Provocativeness, Rape History, and Observer Gender in Perceptions of Blame in Sexual Assault

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Are computers scapegoats? Attributions of responsibility in human–computer interaction

Are computers scapegoats? Attributions of responsibility in human–computer interaction

Club Drug Use and Intentionality in Perceptions of Rape Victims

The Impact of Class and Sexuality-Based Stereotyping on Rape Blame

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