The Role of Shigella spp. in Childhood Diarrhoea in Iran and Their Antibiotic Resistance

Katouli, Mohammad; Pachenary, Azra; Jaafari, Aniss; Asghar, Ali; Moghaddam, F Shahabian; Dehaghi, Nossrat Hosseini; Mirfattah, Zinat Alsadat; Najafi, Yadollah; Shafyi, Esmail

doi:10.3109/00365548909167446

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In 2001, 2002, and 2004, S. flexneri was the most common of the four species, whereas in 2003 and from 2005 to 2009, S. sonnei was the dominant species. This finding differs from those of studies conducted in other developing countries (Faruque et al 2002 ; Niyogi and Pazhani 2003 ; Zafar et al 2005 ), where S. flexneri was the most frequently isolated species; however, our results match findings in developed countries (Katouli et al 1989 ; Hale et al 1991 ; Hamamoto et al 2000 ; Bonfiglio et al 2002 ; Ekdaha and Andersson 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…S. dysenteriae is primarily associated with epidemics of serotype 1 and is associated with the highest fatality rate (5–15%) (Ingersoll et al 2002 ). S. flexneri predominates in areas of endemic infection and is the most frequently isolated species in developing countries (Faruque et al 2002 ; Niyogi and Pazhani 2003 ; Zafar et al 2005 ), and S. sonnei has been implicated in source outbreaks in developed countries (Katouli et al 1989 ; Hale et al 1991 ; Bonfiglio et al 2002 ; Ekdaha and Andersson 2005 ; Hamamoto et al 2000 ). S. boydii is associated with source outbreaks in Central and South America and is rarely isolated in North America (Kalluri et al 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 9-year study of shigellosis in Northeast Malaysia: Antimicrobial susceptibility and shifting species dominance

et al. 2010

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AimsIn Malaysia, Shigella spp. is the third most common bacterial agent responsible for childhood diarrhoea. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella spp. isolated from patients admitted to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2001 to December 2009.Subjects and methodsA hospital-based retrospective study was used. Stool samples from patients were cultured using a standard culture method. Shigella spp. isolates were identified by biochemical and serological methods, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method.ResultsA total of 138 Shigella spp. were isolated from a total of 14,830 routine stool specimens, yielding an isolation rate of 0.93% that corresponded to 9.99% of the 1,381 bacterial pathogens isolated. Of these isolates, S. sonnei was the predominant species, followed by S. flexneri and S. boydii. Seasonal variation was noticed, and no significant differences were detected in the demographic data for S. flexneri and S. sonnei. The susceptibility of all isolated Shigella strains was tested against seven antibiotics. Ceftriaxone (99.1%), ciprofloxacin (98.4%), and nalidixic acid (93.8%) were effective against the Shigella strains, whereas tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole exhibited high frequencies of resistance (58.4% and 53.8%, respectively).ConclusionThis study is important for public health education aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with Shigella spp. infection. Our results also will be helpful for paediatricians and microbiologists in the selection of appropriate antibiotics for the management of diarrhoea.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 9-year study of shigellosis in Northeast Malaysia: Antimicrobial susceptibility and shifting species dominance

et al. 2010

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“…14,26 Shigella sonnei was the most prevalent species isolated among Shigella spp. strikingly; this finding differs from other studies in Iran and other developing countries, and matches those from developed countries 19,24 where Shigellosis remains a disease that predominantly affects children. Another relevant enteropathogenic bacterium, Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…and STEC infections found in this study showed that these organisms are important causes of acute diarrhea in children. 17,19,40 More information is needed, nevertheless, about the sources models of transmission and risk factors of diarrheagenic E. coli infections in Iran especially for the youngest children to implement more efficient control programs on these infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in children less than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in Tehran children's hospitals

Jafari

Garcia‐Gil

Salmanzadeh-Ahrabi

et al. 2009

Journal of Infection

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“…This was also true for co-trimoxazole since resistance to this antibiotic increased from 68.3% in 1989 [29], to 70.4% in 2001 [20], 85.6% in 2006 [31] and to 89% in present study. A recent study [33] indicated that 88%, of S. flexneri strains were resistant to this antibiotic that is consistent with our result.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The study of antimicrobial resistance among Shigella flexneri strains isolated in Tehran, Iran

Dallal

Ranjbar

Pourshafie

2015

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Shigellosis is one of the major causes of morbidity in children with diarrhea in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) strains isolated from clinically diagnosed cases of gastroenteritis and acute diarrhea in Tehran, Iran. Shigella strains were isolated from stool samples of patients who visited the several major hospitals in Tehran. S. flexneri was preliminarily identified by biochemical tests as well as by API20E. Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed according to the standard guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. All strains were resistant to streptomycin. More than 96.4% of the strains were resistant to tetracycline and amoxicillin, 89% to co-trimoxsazole, 72.6% to ampicillin, 33.3% to chloramphenicol, 9.5% to kanamycin, 1.2% to cefixime, amikacin and furazolidone. None of the tested isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, cephalexine, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. More than 96% of the strains showed multi-drug resistance phenotype. Seventeen resistance patterns were identified among the strains, however the most prevalent phenotype (36.9%) was R6 (streptomycin/amoxicillin/tetracycline/co-trimoxsazole/ampicillin). This study indicates an increase in incidence of multiple drug resistance among the strains of S. flexneri isolated in Tehran, Iran.

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The Role of Shigella spp. in Childhood Diarrhoea in Iran and Their Antibiotic Resistance

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

A 9-year study of shigellosis in Northeast Malaysia: Antimicrobial susceptibility and shifting species dominance

A 9-year study of shigellosis in Northeast Malaysia: Antimicrobial susceptibility and shifting species dominance

Diagnosis and prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in children less than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in Tehran children's hospitals

The study of antimicrobial resistance among Shigella flexneri strains isolated in Tehran, Iran

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