The role of skeletal blood flow in determining the uptake of99mTc-methylene diphosphonate

McCarthy, I. D.; Hughes, Sean

doi:10.1007/bf02405085

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, there is evidence that the extraction fraction of 99m Tc-diphosphonates varies with blood flow. Performing outflow dilution experiments in the tibia of dogs, McCarthy et al showed that the extraction fraction of 99m Tc-MDP decreased substantially with increasing blood flow (15). In addition, they determined that the permeability-surface area remained unchanged, indicating that additional recruitment of capillaries under highflow conditions does not occur.…”

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic PET compartment modeling is needed to measure bone blood flow and the metabolic rate of fluoride binding to bone. Using this technique, we previously measured bone blood flow and extraction fraction of 18 F-NaF noninvasively, comparing the uptake of 15 O-H 2 O and 18 F-NaF in vertebral bodies of mini pigs (11). The mean vertebral blood flow (K 1 ) as measured by 15 O-H 2 O was 0.145 6 0.047 mL/(minÁcm 3 ) using a 1-tissue-compartment model.…”

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this technique, we previously measured bone blood flow and extraction fraction of 18 F-NaF noninvasively, comparing the uptake of 15 O-H 2 O and 18 F-NaF in vertebral bodies of mini pigs (11). The mean vertebral blood flow (K 1 ) as measured by 15 O-H 2 O was 0.145 6 0.047 mL/(minÁcm 3 ) using a 1-tissue-compartment model. Under isometric lowintensity exercise, bone blood flow increases 2.3-fold in humans (16).…”

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under isometric lowintensity exercise, bone blood flow increases 2.3-fold in humans (16). At typical flow rates in bone, 15 O-H 2 O is a freely diffusible tracer; thus, its extraction into tissue approaches 100% in a single capillary passage (17). Since K 1 is the product of blood flow and the extraction fraction, the quotient of corresponding 15 O-H 2 O and K 1 values is an estimate for the regional extraction fraction of 18 F-NaF.…”

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At typical flow rates in bone, 15 O-H 2 O is a freely diffusible tracer; thus, its extraction into tissue approaches 100% in a single capillary passage (17). Since K 1 is the product of blood flow and the extraction fraction, the quotient of corresponding 15 O-H 2 O and K 1 values is an estimate for the regional extraction fraction of 18 F-NaF. Our results indicated that the extraction fraction of 18 F-NaF decreased from about 100% at low-flow conditions to approximately 40% at high flow (11).…”

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Bone Imaging with^99mTc-Labeled Diphosphonates and¹⁸F-NaF: Mechanisms and Applications

2013

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Learning Objectives: On successful completion of this activity, participants should be able to (1) appreciate the physiologic mechanisms underlying uptake of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals used to assess bone perfusion and turnover and note the differences between 18 F-NaF and 99m Tc-labeled diphosphonates; (2) discuss the use of bone scintigraphy for evaluation of bone viability and metabolic bone disorders and appreciate the potential role of quantitative dynamic 18 F-NaF PET for evaluation of response to therapy; and (3) discuss indications for 99m Tc-labeled diphosphonate bone scans and 18 F-NaF PET/CT for oncologic staging and appreciate quantitative methods on static and dynamic bone imaging as imaging biomarkers of treatment response using novel systemic therapies for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer as a model.Financial Disclosure: The authors of this article have indicated no relevant relationships that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest. CME Credit: SNMMI is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to sponsor continuing education for physicians. SNMMI designates each JNM continuing education article for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Physicians should claim only credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. For CE credit, participants can access this activity through the SNMMI Web site (http:// www.snmmi.org/ce_online) through April 2016.Dynamic bone scanning with 99m Tc-labeled diphosphonates and 18 F-labeled sodium fluoride provides functional information sensitive for subtle changes in bone turnover and perfusion, which assists the clinical management of numerous osseous pathologies. This article reviews the mechanisms of uptake of 99m Tc-labeled diphosphonates and 18 F-sodium fluoride and discusses and compares the performance of these bone-seeking radiotracers for clinical and research applications, using dynamic and multiple-time-point imaging protocols and quantitative techniques.

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Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiologic Mechanism Of Radiopharmaceutical Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dynamic Bone Imaging with^99mTc-Labeled Diphosphonates and¹⁸F-NaF: Mechanisms and Applications

2013

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Invalidity of single‐passage measurements of the extraction of bone‐seeking tracers in rats and rabbits

Tothill

Hooper

1984

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Single-passage experiments in which bone-seeking tracers are injected arterially at the same time as microspheres to determine an extraction ratio are only valid if the maximum transit time through bone is less than the minimum recirculation time. This validity was investigated by injecting various intravascular and more diffusible tracers into the hearts or aortas of rats and rabbits at different times before the rapid cessation of circulation. At no time between 4 and 60 s after injection did the bone concentration of any of the tracers fall to negligible values. Removal of unbound tracer is therefore not complete before recirculation starts, and the single-passage technique is invalid. Measurements of bone blood flow based on the clearance of 18F cannot be substantiated, as its extraction is flow dependent.

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[^99mTc]diphosphonate uptake and hemodynamics in arthritis of the immature dog knee

Hansen

Søballe

Henriksen³

et al. 1991

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The relationship between [99mTc]diphosphonate uptake and bone hemodynamics was studied in canine carrageenan-induced juvenile chronic arthritis. Blood flow was determined with microspheres, plasma and red cell volumes were measured by labeled fibrinogen and red cells, and the microvascular volume and mean transit time of blood were calculated. Normal femoral epiphyses had lower central and higher subchondral blood flow and diphosphonate uptake values. Epiphyseal vascular volume was uniform, resulting in a greater transit time of blood centrally. In arthritis, blood flow and diphosphonate uptake were increased subchondrally and unaffected centrally, while epiphyseal vascular volume was increased throughout, leading to prolonged transit time centrally. The normal metaphyses had low blood flow and diphosphonate uptake values in cancellous bone and very high values in growth plates, but a large vascular volume throughout. The mean transit time therefore was low in growth plates and high in adjacent cancellous bone. Arthritis caused decreased blood flow and diphosphonate uptake in growth plates but increased vascular volume and transit time of blood. Diphosphonate uptake correlated positively with blood flow and plasma volume and negatively with red cell volume in a nonlinear fashion. Thus, changes in diphosphonate uptake and microvascular hemodynamics occur in both epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone in chronic synovitis of the immature knee. The [99mTc]diphosphonate bone scan seems to reflect blood flow, plasma volume, and red cell volume of bone.

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The role of skeletal blood flow in determining the uptake of99mTc-methylene diphosphonate

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Dynamic Bone Imaging with^99mTc-Labeled Diphosphonates and¹⁸F-NaF: Mechanisms and Applications

Dynamic Bone Imaging with^99mTc-Labeled Diphosphonates and¹⁸F-NaF: Mechanisms and Applications

Invalidity of single‐passage measurements of the extraction of bone‐seeking tracers in rats and rabbits

[^99mTc]diphosphonate uptake and hemodynamics in arthritis of the immature dog knee

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The role of skeletal blood flow in determining the uptake of99mTc-methylene diphosphonate

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Dynamic Bone Imaging with99mTc-Labeled Diphosphonates and18F-NaF: Mechanisms and Applications

Dynamic Bone Imaging with99mTc-Labeled Diphosphonates and18F-NaF: Mechanisms and Applications

Invalidity of single‐passage measurements of the extraction of bone‐seeking tracers in rats and rabbits

[99mTc]diphosphonate uptake and hemodynamics in arthritis of the immature dog knee

Contact Info

Product

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Dynamic Bone Imaging with^99mTc-Labeled Diphosphonates and¹⁸F-NaF: Mechanisms and Applications

Dynamic Bone Imaging with^99mTc-Labeled Diphosphonates and¹⁸F-NaF: Mechanisms and Applications

[^99mTc]diphosphonate uptake and hemodynamics in arthritis of the immature dog knee