The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review

Reeve, Sarah; Sheaves, Bryony; Freeman, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.001

Cited by 206 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…A second limitation is that the umbrella review approach may favour the selection of more commonly and readily studied factors, since they are more likely to be included in a metaanalysis. We cannot exclude the possibility that some promising factors, despite having sufficient data, do not have a corresponding eligible meta-analysis, such as mood and anxiety disorders [143][144][145] , personality disorders 146 , attachment 147 , alcohol and psychoactive substances [148][149][150][151] , sleep dysfunction 152 , homelessness 153 or pervasive developmental disorders 154 . However, this possibility is becoming less likely in the current era, with meta-analyses being performed massively, to the point that for several topics multiple meta-analyses are available 155,156 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors

et al. 2018

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Psychosis is a heterogeneous psychiatric condition for which a multitude of risk and protective factors have been suggested. This umbrella review aimed to classify the strength of evidence for the associations between each factor and psychotic disorders whilst controlling for several biases. The Web of Knowledge database was searched to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies which examined associations between socio-demographic, parental, perinatal, later factors or antecedents and psychotic disorders, and which included a comparison group of healthy controls, published from 1965 to January 31, 2017. The literature search and data extraction followed PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The association between each factor and ICD or DSM diagnoses of non-organic psychotic disorders was graded into convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or non-significant according to a standardized classification based on: number of psychotic cases, random-effects p value, largest study 95% confidence interval, heterogeneity between studies, 95% prediction interval, small study effect, and excess significance bias. In order to assess evidence for temporality of association, we also conducted sensitivity analyses restricted to data from prospective studies. Fifty-five meta-analyses or systematic reviews were included in the umbrella review, corresponding to 683 individual studies and 170 putative risk or protective factors for psychotic disorders. Only the ultra-high-risk state for psychosis (odds ratio, OR59.32, 95% CI: 4.91-17.72) and Black-Caribbean ethnicity in England (OR54.87, 95% CI: 3.96-6.00) showed convincing evidence of association. Six factors were highly suggestive (ethnic minority in low ethnic density area, second generation immigrants, trait anhedonia, premorbid IQ, minor physical anomalies, and olfactory identification ability), and nine were suggestive (urbanicity, ethnic minority in high ethnic density area, first generation immigrants, North-African immigrants in Europe, winter/spring season of birth in Northern hemisphere, childhood social withdrawal, childhood trauma, Toxoplasma gondii IgG, and non-right handedness). When only prospective studies were considered, the evidence was convincing for ultra-high-risk state and suggestive for urbanicity only. In summary, this umbrella review found several factors to be associated with psychotic disorders with different levels of evidence. These risk or protective factors represent a starting point for further etiopathological research and for the improvement of the prediction of psychosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors

et al. 2018

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“…Because hallucinations tend to worsen under conditions of increased arousal, reducing arousal may also be effective. Sleep monitoring is also a worth consideration as research indicates that sleep dysfunction may contribute to psychotic symptoms in AD [81]. Besides these general recommendations, appraisal strategies can be applied given that emotional reactions (e.g., depression and anxiety) to hallucinations are partially mediated by people’s beliefs about the voice [82].…”

Section: Assessment and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and neurocognitive aspects of hallucinations in Alzheimer’s disease

Haj

Roche

Jardri

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Due to their prevalence, hallucinations are considered as one of the most frequent psychotic symptom in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These psychotic manifestations reduce patients’ well-being, increase the burden of caregivers, contribute to early institutionalization, and are found to be related with the course of cognitive decline in AD. Considering their consequences, we provide a comprehensive account of the current state of knowledge about the prevalence and characteristics of hallucinations in AD. We provide a comprehensive and testable theoretical model about hallucinations in AD: the ALZHA (ALZheimer and HAllucinations) model. In this model, neurological, genetic, cognitive, affective, and iatrogenic factors associated with hallucinations in AD are highlighted. According to this model, hallucinations in AD first involve trait markers (i.e., cognitive deficits, neurological deficits, genetic predisposition and/or sensory deficits) to which state markers that may specifically trigger these experiences are added (e.g., psychological distress and/or iatrogenic factors). Finally, we provide recommendations for assessment and management of these psychotic manifestations in AD, with the aim to both serve patients, caregivers, and health professionals.

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“…With the link between sleep and paranoia being established, the next step turns to identifying how sleep and paranoia are related (Reeve et al, 2015). This question can be addressed by mediation analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep quality and paranoia: The role of alexithymia, negative emotions and perceptual anomalies

Rehman

Gumley

Biello

2018

Psychiatry Research

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A B S T R A C TRecent evidence suggests that sleep problems are associated with psychotic like experiences including paranoia. However, the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well understood and thus studies modelling hypothesised mediating factors are required. Alexithymia, the inability to recognise and describe emotions within the self may be an important candidate. In two separate studies we sought to investigate factors mediating the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia using a cross-sectional design. Healthy volunteers without a mental health diagnosis were recruited (study 1, N = 401, study 2, N = 402). Participants completed a series of measures assessing paranoia, negative emotions, alexithymia and perceptual anomalies in an online survey. In study 1, regression and mediation analyses showed that the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia was partially mediated by alexithymia, perceptual anomalies and negative affect. In contrast, study 2 found that the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia was fully mediated by negative affect, alexithymia and perceptual anomalies. The link between sleep quality and paranoia is unclear and reasons for discrepant results are discussed. Novel findings in this study include the link between alexithymia and paranoia.

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The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review

Cited by 206 publications

References 182 publications

What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors

What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors

Clinical and neurocognitive aspects of hallucinations in Alzheimer’s disease

Sleep quality and paranoia: The role of alexithymia, negative emotions and perceptual anomalies

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