The Role of Sleep in Homeostatic Regulation of Ionic Balances and Its Implication in Cognitive Functions

Mir, Fayaz Ahmad; Jha, Sushil K.; Jha, Vibha M.

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2814-5_4

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…We have proposed that one of the functions of REM sleep is to maintain ionic homeostatic balance. 1 Our results that proton pumps in the LC regulate REM sleep, possibly through its chemosensory machinery, further support our hypothesis. NREM sleep-mediated changes in ionic concentrations in the brain's interstitial space, such as magnesium and hydrogen, 44 could be restored to the basal levels either through REM sleep or during wakefulness.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…We have proposed that one of the functions of REM sleep is to maintain ionic homeostatic balance . Our results that proton pumps in the LC regulate REM sleep, possibly through its chemosensory machinery, further support our hypothesis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Sleep plays an important role in the maintenance of ionic homeostasis. 1 At the same time, disturbances in the ionic balances can also affect the sleep−wake architecture. 44 The homeostatic regulations of the acid−base involve the maintenance of the hydrogen ion concentration.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sleep plays an important role in the maintenance of ionic homeostasis . At the same time, disturbances in the ionic balances can also affect the sleep–wake architecture .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and (REM) sleep play an essential role in the modulation of the immune system, brain development, ionic homeostasis, optimization of cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and so forth. − Chronic NREM and/or REM sleep loss causes severe mental problems such as learning and memory impairment, committing serious judgmental errors, and health issues such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, anxiety, depression, and so forth. , A prolonged REM sleep deprivation causes severe cardiac dysfunction and also increases the risk of hypertension . Although REM sleep is crucial for survival, it is not present in all organisms, rather found only in terrestrial birds and mammals. ,, Further, many studies suggest that breathing and heart rates decrease during a long spell of NREM sleep .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proton Pump Inhibitor “Lansoprazole” Inhibits Locus Coeruleus’s Neuronal Activity and Increases Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Mir

Jha

2021

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Alteration of the bodily CO2 concentration and proton pump activity affects the sleep architecture. The brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) area plays an essential role in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep generation and chemoregulation. Previously, we reported that lansoprazole injections (intraperitoneal) increased REM sleep in the rats. However, it is not known if proton pumps in the LC influence REM sleep. Here, we studied the effects of lansoprazole in the LC on the neuronal activity and REM sleep expression. Male Wistar rats (250–300 g) were surgically prepared for sleep recording and drug microinjections into the LC. We determined the localization of proton pumps and expression levels of cFOS in the LC neurons immunohistochemically. Sleep–wake was recorded before and after the microinjections of drugs/vehicles. Our results demonstrate (i) the presence of proton pumps in the LC neurons, (ii) that the microinjection of lansoprazole into the LC reduced the number of cFOS+ve–TH+ve double-labeled neurons in the LC by 52.6% (p < 0.001) compared to the vehicle and (iii) that low and high doses of lansoprazole significantly increased REM sleep by 32% (p < 0.001) and 60% (p < 0.001), respectively, compared to the vehicle. Our results suggest that the proton pumps modulate the LC’s noradrenergic (NE-ergic) neuronal activity and REM sleep. The increased amount of REM sleep can be attributed to the inhibition of the LC NE-ergic activity. Further, the REM sleep amount increased after the lansoprazole microinjections into the LC with a significant increase in the REM sleep episode numbers. Overall, our results suggest that proton pumps in the LC may be involved in REM sleep generation.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sleep plays an important role in the maintenance of ionic homeostasis . At the same time, disturbances in the ionic balances can also affect the sleep–wake architecture .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%