The Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Myocardial Protection: a Review of Current Advances and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered one of the most promising biological therapies in recent years. The protective effect of MSCs-derived SEVs on myocardium is mainly related to their ability to deliver cargo, anti-inflammatory properties, promotion of angiogenesis, immunoregulation, and other factors. Herein, this review focuses on the biological properties, isolation methods, and functions of SEVs. Then, the roles and potential mechanisms of SEVs and engineered SEVs in myocardial protection are summarized. Finally, the current situation of clinical research on SEVs, the difficulties encountered, and the future fore-ground of SEVs are discussed. In conclusion, although there are some technical difficulties and conceptual contradictions in the research of SEVs, the unique biological functions of SEVs provide a new direction for the development of regenerative medicine. Further exploration is warranted to establish a solid experimental and theoretical basis for future clinical application of SEVs.

Exosomal noncoding RNA: A potential therapy for retinal vascular diseases

“… 119 Moreover, in cases of acute myocardial infarction due to heart failure, MSC-derived exosomes were shown to limit the inflammatory damage and suppress oxidative stress in a Phase II clinical trial (the trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05669144 ). 120 , 121 , 122 …”