The role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of leptospirosis

Hajikolaei, Mohammad Rahim Haji; Rezaei, Sareh; Mashhadi, A R Ghadrdan; Ghorbanpoor, Masoud

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05767-x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These animals could be important maintenance hosts of this serovar, probably due to the close contact of commensal rodents with domestic animals in the study sites. This is similar to the study by Haji Hajikolaei et al [31] in Ahvaz, Iran, which found that serovar Pomona was predominant in sheep and goats, implying that small ruminants potentially play a role in the epidemiology of the disease in animals and humans due to close interactions. In this finding, a higher seroprevalence of leptospiral infection was observed in peri-urban areas than urban ones, probably due to associated occupational risk in peri-urban sites [2,18,20], including farming, sewage cleaning, and livestock keeping.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Seropositivity of Leptospira in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in Unguja, Tanzania

et al. 2023

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Background: Leptospirosis is one of the most commonly neglected zoonoses in developing nations including Tanzania. This study aims to find out the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in different regions in Unguja Island, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to April 2022. The blood samples were collected from rodents and shrews (n=248), cattle (n=247), goats (n=130), sheep (n=32), and dogs (n=80). The blood samples were allowed to clot in a slanted position and serum samples were harvested. A microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on the sera to check for leptospiral antibodies using five Leptospira serovars as antigens (Sokoine, Lora, Pomona, Grippotyphosa and Hebdomadis). Results: The overall seropositivity of leptospiral antibodies was 9.68% in rodents and shrews, 14.57% in cattle, 10.01% in goats, 31.25% in sheep, and 26.25% in dogs. The seropositivity of Leptospira varied significantly with animal species (OR=1.9, 95 % CI:1.1-3.3, p=0.03). The most frequently detected serovar was Sokoine (27.89%), followed by Pomona (19.47%), Lora (18.26%), Grippotyphosa (17.98%), and Hebdomadis (8.16%), respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests that further research should be conducted to find out factors of high seropositivity of leptospiral in Unguja. Vaccination of domestic animals with vaccines against local Leptospira strains should be encouraged, and rodent control and public awareness should be emphasized.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Seropositivity of Leptospira in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in Unguja, Tanzania

et al. 2023

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“…For example, over the last several decades in Denmark, the most common serovar has been L. interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (see Table 1 ), which is often found in the urine of rats ( Department of Infectious Disease and Prevention, 2016 ). Additionally, in Denmark, Pomona is commonly found in mice and pigs, and Hardjo in cattle ( Cilia et al., 2020 ; Haji Hajikolaei et al., 2022 ). However, obtaining additional samples is not always possible, leading to the diagnosis of some patients using PCR only .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in human leptospirosis in Denmark, 2012-2021

Eves

Kjelsø

Benedetti

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection that can cause influenza-like symptoms and severe disease. In Denmark, leptospirosis is rare, non-endemic, and most commonly transferred to humans from mice and rats. Cases of human leptospirosis in Denmark are by law notifiable to Statens Serum Institut. This study aimed to describe trends in incidence of leptospirosis in Denmark from 2012 to 2021. Descriptive analyses were used to calculate the incidence, geographical distribution and possible routes of infection, as well as testing capacity and serological trends. The overall incidence rate was 0.23 per 100,000 inhabitants, with the highest annual incidence of 24 cases in 2017. Men between 40-49 years old were the demographic group most commonly diagnosed with leptospirosis. August and September were the months with highest incidence over the entire study period. The most common serovar observed was Icterohaemorrhagiae, although over a third of cases were diagnosed via polymerase chain reaction alone. The most common sources of exposure reported were travel abroad, farming, and recreational contact with fresh water, the latter being a new exposure compared to previous studies. Overall, a One Health approach would ensure better detection of outbreaks and milder disease. Additionally, preventative measures should be expanded to include recreational water sports.

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“…The other serovars/serogroups implicated as incidental are Pomona, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Grippotyphosa [ 50 ]. Small ruminants may play a role in the epidemiology of the disease by a possible shedding of the bacteria through urine, although most infections are asymptomatic [ 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Aspects and Epidemiological Studies on Leptospirosis Carried Out in Animals in Chile: A Bibliographic Review

Azócar-Aedo

2023

TropicalMed

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Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. This disease affects numerous animal species, some of them are classified as “maintenance hosts”, and others are categorized as “incidental hosts”. Humans are at risk of becoming infected by having contact with domestic and wild animals. In this paper, general aspects of the etiology and transmission of leptospirosis are addressed, data regarding the clinical presentation of the pathology in humans and animals are also presented, and the results of some epidemiological studies on leptospirosis carried out in Chile in different animal species and humans are summarized through a bibliographic review of the literature. The research on domestic canines and horses stands out in terms of their number in the country, with prevalences between 12.0% and 59.1% in dogs and from 23.3% to 65.4% in equids. Studies have been performed on domestic felines in recent years with frequencies ranging from 3.0% to 25.2%, as well as on wild animals (mainly in mammals). In pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats, the information is scarce, with little updated research dating back several decades and variable prevalence rates, which are generally high, except for in sheep. Leptospirosis is a disease of varied etiology in terms of infecting species, serovars and serogroups, which influences its epidemiology, and its prevalence is variable in different animals. An increase in the awareness given to this pathology in human and veterinary public health is required, as well as more scientific studies in Chile, to update the existing knowledge.

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The role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of leptospirosis

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Seropositivity of Leptospira in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in Unguja, Tanzania

Seropositivity of Leptospira in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in Unguja, Tanzania

Trends in human leptospirosis in Denmark, 2012-2021

Basic Aspects and Epidemiological Studies on Leptospirosis Carried Out in Animals in Chile: A Bibliographic Review

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