The role of smoking on mortality compression

Raalte, Alyson A. van; Myrskylä, Mikko; Martikainen, Pekka

doi:10.4054/demres.2015.32.20

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 59 publications

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“…For instance, researchers have shown socioeconomic differences in lifespan variability in a number of countries with SES measured with a variety of indicators, including educational attainment (Brown et al 2012; Edwards and Tuljapurkar 2005; Shkolnikov et al 2003; van Raalte et al 2011, 2012), occupational class (van Raalte et al 2014, 2015), and income (Edwards and Tuljapurkar 2005). The unequal distribution of health-enhancing socioeconomic resources across U.S. racial/ethnic groups may differentiate lifespan variability among disadvantaged minority groups relative to more socioeconomically advantaged whites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hispanic-White Differences in Lifespan Variability in the United States

et al. 2015

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This study is the first to investigate whether and, if so, why Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in the United States differ in the variability of their lifespans. Although Hispanics enjoy higher life expectancy than whites, very little is known about how lifespan variability—and thus uncertainty about length of life—differs by race/ethnicity. We use 2010 U.S. National Vital Statistics System data to calculate lifespan variance at ages 10 and older for Hispanics and whites, and then decompose the Hispanic-white variance difference into cause-specific spread, allocation, and timing effects. In addition to their higher life expectancy relative to whites, Hispanics also exhibit 7 % lower lifespan variability, with a larger gap among women than men. Differences in cause-specific incidence (allocation effects) explain nearly two-thirds of Hispanics’ lower lifespan variability, mainly because of the higher mortality from suicide, accidental poisoning, and lung cancer among whites. Most of the remaining Hispanic-white variance difference is due to greater age dispersion (spread effects) in mortality from heart disease and residual causes among whites than Hispanics. Thus, the Hispanic paradox—that a socioeconomically disadvantaged population (Hispanics) enjoys a mortality advantage over a socioeconomically advantaged population (whites)—pertains to lifespan variability as well as to life expectancy. Efforts to reduce U.S. lifespan variability and simultaneously increase life expectancy, especially for whites, should target premature, young adult causes of death—in particular, suicide, accidental poisoning, and homicide. We conclude by discussing how the analysis of Hispanic-white differences in lifespan variability contributes to our understanding of the Hispanic paradox.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hispanic-White Differences in Lifespan Variability in the United States

et al. 2015

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Lung cancer mortality among never-smokers in the United States: estimating smoking-attributable mortality with nationally representative data

Lariscy

Hummer

Rogers

2020

Annals of Epidemiology

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Potential gains in life expectancy by reducing inequality of lifespans in Denmark: an international comparison and cause-of-death analysis

et al. 2018

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BackgroundReducing lifespan inequality is increasingly recognized as a health policy objective. Whereas lifespan inequality declined with rising longevity in most developed countries, Danish life expectancy stagnated between 1975 and 1995 for females and progressed slowly for males. It is unknown how Danish lifespan inequality changed, which causes of death drove these developments, and where the opportunities for further improvements lie now.MethodsWe present an analytical strategy based on cause-by-age decompositions to simultaneously analyze changes in Danish life expectancy and lifespan inequality from 1960 to 2014, as well as current Swedish-Danish differences.ResultsStagnation in Danish life expectancy coincided with a shorter period of stagnation in lifespan inequality (1975–1990). The stagnation in life expectancy was mainly driven by increases in cancer and non-infectious respiratory mortality at higher ages (−.63 years) offsetting a reduction in cardiovascular and infant mortality (+ 1.52 years). Lifespan inequality stagnated because most causes of death did not show compression over the time period. Both these observations were consistent with higher smoking-related mortality in Danes born in 1919–1939. After 1995, life expectancy and lifespan equality increased in lockstep, but still lag behind Sweden, mainly due to infant mortality and cancer.ConclusionsSince 1960, Danish improvements in life expectancy and lifespan equality were halted by smoking-related mortality in those born 1919–1939, while also reductions in old-age cardiovascular mortality held back lifespan equality. The comparison with Sweden suggests that Denmark can reduce inequality in lifespans and increase life expectancy through a consistent policy target: reducing cancer and infant mortality.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5730-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The role of smoking on mortality compression

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Hispanic-White Differences in Lifespan Variability in the United States

Hispanic-White Differences in Lifespan Variability in the United States

Lung cancer mortality among never-smokers in the United States: estimating smoking-attributable mortality with nationally representative data

Potential gains in life expectancy by reducing inequality of lifespans in Denmark: an international comparison and cause-of-death analysis

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