The Role of Socio-economic Conditions, Energy Consumption, and Environmental Conditions on the Livestock Production in Indonesia

Abstract

Recently, livestock suffered from low production due to environmental issues that need researchers’ emphasis. Hence, the current study investigates the impact of socio-economic conditions such as income and education level, energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and economic growth on livestock production in Indonesia. The study has taken secondary data from a secondary source like World Development Indicators (WDI) from 1987 to 2020. The article also used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to check the relationships among the variables used in the study. The findings exposed that the socio-economic conditions such as income and education level, energy consumption, and economic growth have a positive while CO2 has a negative linkage with livestock production in Indonesia. This article provides guidelines for new researchers while investigating this area in the future and also provides help to policymakers in developing policies related to resolving livestock production issues.