The role of socio-economic status and spatial effects on fresh food access: Two case studies in Canada

Wang, Haoluan; Ling, Tao; Qiu, Feng; Lü, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.12.002

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…3) concentrate along the arterial streets of the region. This finding aligns with previous Canadian findings that socio-economically deprived residents have better access to absolute densities of healthy food outlets [10, 19, 22, 24–26, 30, 44, 58]. A probable explanation is that residents who are socio-economically deprived might be more likely to find affordable housing in highly populated areas [22, 24] where healthy food outlets are located, given that population density is a driving force of food outlet distribution as noted above.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Do marginalized neighbourhoods have less healthy retail food environments? An analysis using Bayesian spatial latent factor and hurdle models

2016

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BackgroundFindings of whether marginalized neighbourhoods have less healthy retail food environments (RFE) are mixed across countries, in part because inconsistent approaches have been used to characterize RFE ‘healthfulness’ and marginalization, and researchers have used non-spatial statistical methods to respond to this ultimately spatial issue.MethodsThis study uses in-store features to categorize healthy and less healthy food outlets. Bayesian spatial hierarchical models are applied to explore the association between marginalization dimensions and RFE healthfulness (i.e., relative healthy food access that modelled via a probability distribution) at various geographical scales. Marginalization dimensions are derived from a spatial latent factor model. Zero-inflation occurring at the walkable-distance scale is accounted for with a spatial hurdle model.ResultsNeighbourhoods with higher residential instability, material deprivation, and population density are more likely to have access to healthy food outlets within a walkable distance from a binary ‘have’ or ‘not have’ access perspective. At the walkable distance scale however, materially deprived neighbourhoods are found to have less healthy RFE (lower relative healthy food access).ConclusionFood intervention programs should be developed for striking the balance between healthy and less healthy food access in the study region as well as improving opportunities for residents to buy and consume foods consistent with dietary recommendations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Do marginalized neighbourhoods have less healthy retail food environments? An analysis using Bayesian spatial latent factor and hurdle models

2016

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“…We chose the percentage of residents who have a higher education such as post‐secondary certificate, diploma, or degree ( High Education ) as the education level indicator. The percentage of unemployed residents in a neighbourhood ( Unemployment ) and the percentage of minority group ( Minority ) were also variables that are widely used in other studies (Larsen and Gilliland ; Walker, Butler, et al ; Black et al ; Wang et al ). Neighbourhood income level has also been identified as the key variable in food accessibility studies (Li and Ashuri ; Walker, Butler, et al ; Wang et al ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Access has typically been measured as the physical distance between the centroids of spatial units of analysis and the nearest food outlets. Two common distance‐based measurements that have been utilized are Euclidean distance and road network distance (Smoyer‐Tomic et al ; Larsen and Gilliland ; Wang et al ). Euclidean distance is the most straightforward method to calculate the straight‐line distance between two points in Euclidean space.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the mixed probability distribution of the count variable Y i can be written as: Following the previous studies, we chose eight socio-demographics as the key variables to observe the associations between food availability and neighbourhood socio-economic characteristics. We first included the percentage of the population aged under 19 (Children) and the percentage of the senior population aged 65 and over (Senior) as the control variables since these households are more vulnerable to unhealthy food sources (Larsen and Gilliland 2008;Wang et al 2016;Su et al 2017;Li and Ashuri 2018). Many studies have considered the effect of the education level on food accessibility (Larsen and Gilliland 2008;Laxy et al 2015;Su et al 2017;Li and Ashuri 2018).…”

Section: Regression Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighbourhood food environments revisited: When food deserts meet food swamps

Yang

Wang

Qiu

2019

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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This study uses service area–based coverage and various count regression methods to assess neighbourhood‐level healthy and unhealthy food environments, and food access associated with different socio‐economic groups in Edmonton, Canada. We identify three types of vulnerable neighbourhoods according to different food environments: food deserts (i.e., neighbourhoods lack sufficient access to healthy foods); food swamps (i.e., neighbourhoods have excess access to unhealthy foods); and those with overlaps of food swamps and food deserts. We also identify neighbourhoods with superior access to healthy foods (i.e., food oases). Additionally, our results from regression analyses indicate: (1) child population is negatively associated with both healthy and unhealthy food resources; (2) good access to public transportation is associated with good coverage of all healthy food outlets and convenience stores; and (3) deprived neighbourhoods with higher percentages of minority populations have better coverage of both healthy and unhealthy foods in general. The results from this study can help the City of Edmonton identify the key neighbourhoods with high potential for local business and the hotspot neighbourhoods that require particular support. Tailored strategies are proposed to effectively and efficiently improve food environments with limited resources.

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“…Este concepto ha sido ampliamente utilizado para examinar las dificultades que tienen los habitantes de rentas más pobres para involucrarse en los procesos de inclusión social. De esta manera, se ha mostrado cómo la dispersión de espacios residenciales (Sabatini y Brain, 2008: 10;Garlan, 2007: 7), de comercios (Heynen, 2006: 129) Sin medios económicos para trasladarse en automóvil y en los extremos de una deficiente red de transportes (Masoumi, 2014: 34;Wang et al, 2016), las poblaciones pobres de las periferias tienden a realizar menos viajes, desaprovechando la mayor parte de los beneficios que prestan las ciudades (Aysha, 2011: 41;Serulle y Cirillo, 2016: 112) y conformándose con las oportunidades existentes en sus espacios de proximidad (Avellaneda y Lazo, 2011: 55;Jouffe, 2011: 86) que, por lo común, son muy escasas y de baja calidad (Nóvak y Sýkora, 2007: 158). El presente estudio tiene la intención de reunir evidencia para aclarar las diferentes condiciones de acceso de los hogares periféricos del AMG, según sus diferentes recursos de movilidad.…”

Section: Marco Teóricounclassified

Recursos de movilidad y accesibilidad urbana en los municipios del sur del área metropolitana de Guadalajara, México

Calonge-Reillo

2018

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El presente artículo contribuye a asentar la relación que existe entre la disposición de recursos de movilidad y la manera cómo las poblaciones de municipios no centrales de la metrópoli acceden a una serie de servicios y lugares relevantes en el territorio, en el marco la oferta segmentada de servicios urbanos y del crecimiento disperso que caracteriza a buena parte de las ciudades latinoamericanas. Usando datos de una encuesta de movilidad realizada en los municipios del sur del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara (AMG), se procede a generar una tipología de hogares distribuidos según su disposición de recursos de movilidad y se analizan las condiciones de acceso de los distintos grupos generados a los comercios, el trabajo, las escuelas y los hospitales. Se destaca la diversidad de situaciones vividas, al compararse a un grupo de hogares que dispone de amplios recursos de movilidad y puede ampliar el alcance territorial de sus búsquedas, frente a otro grupo, prácticamente sin recursos, que se concentra en la explotación de los bienes y servicios urbanos más básicos y próximos.Palabras clave: transporte, recursos de movilidad, accesibilidad, servicios urbanos, periferia. This paper contributes to establishing the relationship between the availability of mobility resources and the way in which residents of peripheral municipalities of metropolises access urban services and significant places in the territory, in the context of the splintered urbanism and urban sprawl that characterizes many Latin-American cities. Using data from a mobility survey conducted in the municipalities in the south of the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, an analytical typology of households was created according to their possession of mobility resources. This typology was used to analyze households´ access conditions to shops, jobs, schools, and hospitals. It is worthy to note the diversity of situations lived: there are households that have a great deal of mobility resources and can use large tracts of the urban territory to search for convenient urban resources, and other groups practically without mobility resources, that mainly concentrate on exploiting the most basic urban goods and services in the immediate surroundings.

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The role of socio-economic status and spatial effects on fresh food access: Two case studies in Canada

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Do marginalized neighbourhoods have less healthy retail food environments? An analysis using Bayesian spatial latent factor and hurdle models

Do marginalized neighbourhoods have less healthy retail food environments? An analysis using Bayesian spatial latent factor and hurdle models

Neighbourhood food environments revisited: When food deserts meet food swamps

Recursos de movilidad y accesibilidad urbana en los municipios del sur del área metropolitana de Guadalajara, México

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