The Role of Soil Temperature Feedbacks for Summer Air Temperature Variability Under Climate Change Over East Asia

Abstract

The ongoing climate change has posed severe threat to the natural system and human society. However, how soil temperature feedbacks matter for climate change projections is not yet well explored. In this study, we assess the role of soil temperature feedbacks for summer air temperature variability over East Asia under global warming. Regional climate model simulations with and without soil temperature‐atmosphere interactions were performed to isolate the role of soil temperature feedbacks under historical (1976–2005) and future (2071–2100) warming conditions. Results indicate that soil temperature feedbacks can largely enhance interannual variability of summer daily mean and minimum surface air temperatures over East Asia, with strongest impacts over Mongolia and many areas of northern Tibetan Plateau and northern China, in the historical period. The soil temperature feedback strength below 925‐hPa mainly depends on changes in longwave radiation, surface heat flux partitioning, and temperature advections, while it is largely determined by the diabatic heating processes in the lower troposphere. The spatial distribution of soil temperature feedbacks is projected to change notably over East Asia under future warming condition. In particular, the impacts of soil temperature feedbacks on summer temperature are shown to be stronger in the lower troposphere under future condition. These results imply the important role of soil temperature feedbacks on air temperature variability for regional climate modeling especially in the context of climate change.

Optimization of Data-Driven Soil Temperature Forecast—The First Model in Bangladesh

“… Five sizes of time window: one day, two days, three days, four days, and five days. In almost all machine learning studies, the partition of training and testing datasets follows a 70-30 split rule ( [11]), so the soil temperature dataset in Bangladesh was divided as follows: the data covering the period from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2015 were used for the training dataset, and the data covering the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2022 were used for the testing dataset.…”

“…Eight combinations of daily minimum temperature (MIN), i.e., daily maximum temperature (MAX), daily mean temperature (MEAN), daily sunshine duration (SUN), daily rainfall (RAIN), and daily humidity (HUM), were used as model inputs. In particular, the combinations were as follows: In almost all machine learning studies, the partition of training and testing datasets follows a 70-30 split rule ( [11]), so the soil temperature dataset in Bangladesh was divided as follows: the data covering the period from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2015 were used for the training dataset, and the data covering the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2022 were used for the testing dataset.…”

“…A further increase in soil temperature in tropical regions would lead to more negative effects, including seedling death, smaller plants, higher water needs, and increased vulnerability to different plant diseases [7]. At the same time, since soil temperature records can be used to investigate the link between meteorological factors [8], soil temperature often plays a crucial role in numerical weather prediction and is a crucial indicator of climate change patterns [9][10][11][12]. Therefore, monitoring and predicting soil temperature can greatly support the development of sustainable agriculture by providing insights into soil health for seed germination, fruiting, flowering, and the growth of crop species.…”

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of hourly soil temperature in different layers in the low-latitude plateau of China

“…A change in soil temperature might alter the physical properties of soil, which could then impart substantial impact on the physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring both above and below ground (Davidson and Janssens., 2006;Giardina et al, 2014;Hartley., 2014;Zhang et al, 2016;Li et al, 2022). Understanding the variations of soil temperature is of Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org great importance for assessing energy exchange between the soil and the atmosphere in relation to climate change (Du et al, 2017;Shen et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2022;Oogathoo et al, 2022;Song et al, 2022).…”

“…Meanwhile, as important thermal and hydrological factors of the ground at any given location, soil temperature and soil moisture respond quickly to the effects of climate change and interact with the overlying atmosphere through the surface energy, water balance, and carbon cycles, substantially promoting feedback to regional climate (Albergel et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022). Soil temperature is also an important indicator of climate change and a critical parameter in numerical weather forecasting and climate prediction (Holmes et al, 2008;Qian et al, 2011;Albergel et al, 2015;Li et al, 2022;Song et al, 2022). It is currently unknown whether global soil temperatures experienced the same hiatus in rise as that shown in global air temperatures in the early 21st century (Wang et al, 2018).…”