The Role of Somatostatins in the Regulation of Growth in Fish

Molecular and expression characterization of two somatostatin genes in the Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis

“…For instance, endogenous SS suppresses gastric acid secretion (Martinez et al, 1998) and seems to predominantly exert an inhibitory action on immune functions (Ferone et al, 2004). In fish, SSs also have effects on peripheral tissues and participate in a variety of growth, reproduction and metabolic processes (Macini et al, 1999;Sheridan et al, 2000;Very and Sheridan, 2002). In the present study, AsSS1 was not detected in any peripheral tissues, while AsSS2 was found in liver, kidney, spleen, heart and ovary (Fig.…”

Polymorphism of somatostatin gene and its association with growth traits in Chinese cattle

“…GH is produced and secreted in a manner reflective of the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory signals received by somatotrophs (Canosa et al, 2007). Evidence suggests that SST are the primary inhibitors of GH release (Very and Sheridan, 2002). Considering the vital function of GH in bovine growth and development and the inhibitory effect of SST on GH, as well as the rising living standard in our country, beef supply has become more and more insufficient and many weaknesses, such as slow growth, small body configuration and little amount of meat, exist in our cattle breeds, especially in the Qinchuan breed.…”

Somatostatin regulates hepatic growth hormone sensitivity by internalizing growth hormone receptors and by decreasing transcription of growth hormone receptor mRNAs

“…Interestingly, not all SSs inhibit GH release. For example, in fish, SS-14 and the N-terminally extended SS-28 peptide inhibit GH secretion from isolated pituitary fragments, but salmonid SS-25, which contains [Tyr 7 ,Gly 10 ]-SS-14 at its Cterminus does not (36). GH releasing hormone, dopamine, gonadotropin releasing hormone, thyrotropin releasing hormone, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin, on the other hand, stimulate GH release (6,17).…”

“…Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that SSs regulate the internalization and synthesis of GHRs in liver. The rationale for this work stemmed from studies in mammals and fish that revealed periods of reduced growth, resulting from food deprivation (mammals and fish) and premature transfer to seawater (salmonid fish), can occur in the face of normal or elevated GH and in association with elevated plasma SS and reduced hepatic GH binding (4,15,33,36).…”