The role of speech-related arm/hand gestures in word retrieval

Krauss, Robert M.; Hadar, Uri

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524519.003.0006

Cited by 147 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…The first posits that gesture and speech are two different communication systems [12]. The other view [13,14] posits that gesture and speech form a single system of communication, since they are linked to the same mental processes even if they differ in expression modalities.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does comprehension of symbolic gestures and corresponding-in-meaning words make use of motor simulation?

Campione¹,

Stefani²,

Innocenti³

et al. 2014

Behavioural Brain Research

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• We searched for the processes used to understand the meaning of emblems and words.• TMS was applied to motor cortex during observation/listening of gestures and words.• As controls meaningless gestures, pseudo-words and a still actor were presented.• Motor cortex was activated by presentation of meaningless signals only.• Understanding emblems and corresponding words probably use semantic circuits.

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Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does comprehension of symbolic gestures and corresponding-in-meaning words make use of motor simulation?

Campione¹,

Stefani²,

Innocenti³

et al. 2014

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The observation that nonidentifiable gestures could be used to assist lexical retrieval by PWA should be interpreted with caution because, according to the LRH (Krauss & Hadar, 1999), only gestures that can specify the dynamic or spatial aspects of verbal content (such as iconic and metaphoric gestures) help lexical retrieval. Moreover, the distinction of gestures that serve the function of assisting word-finding difficulties from those that serve an interactive (or communicative) function (a) to seek help from a communication partner during difficulties in finding a target lexical item (Bavelas, Chovil, Coates, & Roe, 1995) or (b) to signal a time for a speaker to retrieve a word or to help the speaker concentrate, dispersing the cognitive burden resulting from searching for a word (Holler, Turner, & Varcianna, 2013) cannot be made easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, coverbal gestures can supplement the semantic content of oral output (Kendon, 2000) through their representation of spatial/directional and dynamic aspects of language content. Beattie and Shovelton (1999) further supported the supplementary role gestures play in human conversation by arguing that listeners could obtain more semantic information when a conversational partner had used both language and gestures (as compared with the language-only condition) within a verbal exchange task.The view that gestures can assist lexical retrieval during oral production was illustrated in the lexical retrieval hypothesis (LRH) reported by Krauss and Hadar (1999). To be more specific, it was proposed that the spatial and dynamic features of a concept represented by gestures could activate word retrieval.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The view that gestures can assist lexical retrieval during oral production was illustrated in the lexical retrieval hypothesis (LRH) reported by Krauss and Hadar (1999). To be more specific, it was proposed that the spatial and dynamic features of a concept represented by gestures could activate word retrieval.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be more specific, there are six forms of gestures modified on the basis of the classification by Ekman and Friesen (1969), Mather (2005), and McNeill (1992), including contentcarrying gestures: (a) iconic gestures that specify the spatial and dynamic features of concrete objects or actions, (b) metaphoric gestures that specify abstract ideas, (c) deictic gestures that encompass pointing to a physically present referent or to an absent referent, and (d) emblems that are culturally conformed and universally understood by a community and non-content-carrying gestures: (e) beats that refer to hand-flicking movements following the speech rhythm and (f ) nonidentifiable gestures that include ambiguous gestures or those that cannot be classified into the aforementioned categories. With reference to the content of the corresponding language output, each gesture is also classified into one of the following eight functions, namely (a) providing additional information to a message conveyed (Goldin-Meadow, 2003); (b) enhancing the speech content (Beattie & Shovelton, 2000); (c) providing alternative means of communication (Le May, David, & Thomas, 1988); (d) guiding and controlling the flow of speech (Jacobs & Garnham, 2007); (e) reinforcing the intonation or prosody of speech (Kong, Law, Kwan, et al, 2015); (f ) assisting lexical retrieval (Krauss & Hadar, 1999); (g) assisting sentence reconstruction (Alibali, Kita, & Young, 2000); and (h) serving other nonspecific or noncommunicative functions, such as assisting the process of verbal dialogues without conveying topical information, regulating and organizing the process of coming together with language content, or the back-and-forth nature of speaking and listening. In cases in which a specific gesture was judged to serve more than one purpose, the final assignment was based on the primary function in relation to the language content (see details of coding criteria in Appendix A).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Coverbal Gesture Use in Oral Discourse Among Speakers With Fluent and Nonfluent Aphasia

Kong

Law

Chak

2017

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: Coverbal gesture use, which is affected by the presence and degree of aphasia, can be culturally specific. The purpose of this study was to compare gesture use among Cantonese-speaking individuals: 23 neurologically healthy speakers, 23 speakers with fluent aphasia, and 21 speakers with nonfluent aphasia. Method: Multimedia data of discourse samples from these speakers were extracted from the Cantonese AphasiaBank. Gestures were independently annotated on their forms and functions to determine how gesturing rate and distribution of gestures differed across speaker groups. A multiple regression was conducted to determine the most predictive variable(s) for gesture-to-word ratio.Results: Although speakers with nonfluent aphasia gestured most frequently, the rate of gesture use in counterparts with fluent aphasia did not differ significantly from controls. Different patterns of gesture functions in the 3 speaker groups revealed that gesture plays a minor role in lexical retrieval whereas its role in enhancing communication dominates among the speakers with aphasia. The percentages of complete sentences and dysfluency strongly predicted the gesturing rate in aphasia. Conclusions: The current results supported the sketch model of language-gesture association. The relationship between gesture production and linguistic abilities and clinical implications for gesture-based language intervention for speakers with aphasia are also discussed.G esture is the most common form of nonverbal behavior accompanying human communication. It is defined as spontaneous movements of hands and arms that flow simultaneously with speech (Kendon, 1980). A considerable number of studies have suggested that gestures are communicatively intended (e.g., de Ruiter, 2000;McNeill, 1992) and can enhance everyday social interaction. Moreover, coverbal gestures can supplement the semantic content of oral output (Kendon, 2000) through their representation of spatial/directional and dynamic aspects of language content. Beattie and Shovelton (1999) further supported the supplementary role gestures play in human conversation by arguing that listeners could obtain more semantic information when a conversational partner had used both language and gestures (as compared with the language-only condition) within a verbal exchange task.The view that gestures can assist lexical retrieval during oral production was illustrated in the lexical retrieval hypothesis (LRH) reported by Krauss and Hadar (1999). To be more specific, it was proposed that the spatial and dynamic features of a concept represented by gestures could activate word retrieval. Gillespie, James, Federmeier, and Watson (2014) further suggested that impaired language competency, such as speech dysfluency or word-finding difficulty, was a primary driving force for use of gestures. Additional evidence echoing the LRH was provided by Chawla and Krauss (1994), who demonstrated that unimpaired speakers used gestures more frequently during spontaneous speech as compared with rehearsed speech th...

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Grounding person memory in space: Does spatial anchoring of behaviors improve recall?

Palma

Garrido

Semin

2011

Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.

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In two experiments, we examine and find support for the general hypothesis that memory for behavioral information in the context of an impression formation task depends on where that information is located in vertical space. These findings extend earlier work showing that memory for location and shifts of spatial attention are influenced by the ''good is up'' metaphor. Specifically, we show that person memory is better for behavioral information in metaphor compatible locations (positive in upper space and negative in lower space) than in metaphor incompatible locations (positive in lower space and negative in upper space). These findings show for the first time that person-specific information, and person memory in general, is structured spatially. Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The impressions we form of others constitute important markers guiding the way we navigate our social world. Not surprisingly, the subject of impression formation has occupied center stage in social psychology from its early beginnings (Allport & Allport, 1921;Anderson, 1965;Asch, 1946;Hamilton, Katz, & Leirer, 1980a;Hastie, Ostrom, Ebbesen, Wyer, Hamilton, & Carlston, 1980;Srull, 1981). A focus on the nature of the mental representations underlying how we think about persons and analyses of the processes driving such thinking shaped the course of the field, leading to the development of increasingly sophisticated bodies of theory about the nature of mental representations, their impact on judgments, and the nature of variables affecting information processing (e.g., Wyer & Srull, 1989; for reviews see Smith, 1998;Wyer & Carlston, 1994). In this view, person cognition became the construction and manipulation of inner representations, with the implicit assumption that knowledge about persons is dissociated from any sensory base and thus amodal (e.g., Wyer & Srull, 1989). However, cognition is constrained by the properties of our evolved brains and bodies (Semin & Smith, 2002Smith & Semin, 2004). Adopting an embodied view of person cognition casts this field in the active context of navigating the social world suggesting that like other cognitive processes, impressions are structured by the incorporation of sensorimotor and affective elements.The current research was designed to investigate the general hypothesis that valenced behavioral information acquired in the course of our daily social interaction can be anchored spatially. These experiments extend earlier work (cf. for a review Crawford, 2009) that has demonstrated that memory for location and shifts of spatial attention are influenced by the ''good is up'' metaphor, and that memory is better for valenced stimuli that appear in metaphorcompatible locations (positive in upper space and negative in lower space) than those that appear in metaphor-incompatible locations (positive in lower space and negative in upper space). We will do so by exploring for the first time the ''good is up'' metaphor in a standard person memory paradigm. Specifically, we examined in two exp...

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The role of speech-related arm/hand gestures in word retrieval

Cited by 147 publications

References 61 publications

Does comprehension of symbolic gestures and corresponding-in-meaning words make use of motor simulation?

Does comprehension of symbolic gestures and corresponding-in-meaning words make use of motor simulation?

A Comparison of Coverbal Gesture Use in Oral Discourse Among Speakers With Fluent and Nonfluent Aphasia

Grounding person memory in space: Does spatial anchoring of behaviors improve recall?

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