The role of sphingosine 1 phosphate in coronary artery disease and ischemia reperfusion injury

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerotic plaques, as a hallmark of CAD, cause chronic narrowing of coronary arteries over time and could also result in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The standard treatments for ameliorating AMI are reperfusion strategies, which paradoxically result in ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), as a potent lysophospholipid, plays an important role in various organs, including immune and cardiovascular systems. In addition, high‐density lipoprotein, as a negative predictor of atherosclerosis and CAD, is a major carrier of S1P in blood circulation. S1P mediates its effects through binding to specific G protein‐coupled receptors, and its signaling contributes to a variety of responses, including cardiac inflammation, dysfunction, and I/R injury protection. In this review, we will focus on the role of S1P in CAD and I/R injury as a potential therapeutic target.

WITHDRAWN: Remifentanil preconditioning alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via activating Jagged-1/Notch signaling pathway

“…In recent decades, ischemic heart diseases have emerged as great threats to human health all over the world [1][2][3]. It is reported that a vast number of patients are suffering from ischemic heart diseases, which brings huge pressures on living quality [4,5]. Furthermore, it is well known that myocardial ischemia is closely associated with morbidity and mortality of patients with coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction [6,7].…”

Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a Novel TREM2 Ligand, Promotes Phagocytosis and Reduce Ischemic Injury

“…As is known, S1P can be secreted outside cells and activate S1PRs to regulate differentiation, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and immune modulation [4,5]. A few studies have suggested that S1P could regulate microglial phagocytosis [6,7] via unknown mechanisms.…”

“…Traditionally, S1P acts not only as an intracellular second messenger, but also an extracellular rst messenger in both an autocrine and paracrine manner, via binding with S1P receptors (S1PRs) of which there are currently ve known subtypes (S1PR1-5) [1][2][3]. It has been revealed that S1P has a wide range of biological functions including regulating differentiation, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and immune modulation [4,5]. A few studies have suggested that S1P might regulate microglial phagocytosis [6,7].…”

The Road to Low-Dose Aspirin Therapy for the Prevention of Preeclampsia Began with the Placenta

“…Sphingolipids include sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. They are involved in inflammatory signaling pathways and implicated in cardiovascular disease [63][64][65][66][67][68]. They are not cyclooxygenase metabolites, and so, are not affected by aspirin.…”