The Role of Spontaneous Variants in the Acquisition of Streptomycin Resistance by the Shigellae

Klein, Morton; Kimmelman, Leonard J.

doi:10.1128/jb.52.4.471-479.1946

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ample evidence has been reported in the literature for the mutational origin of streptomycin restance. Klein and Kimmelman (1946) demonstrated the presence of resistant cells of Shigella dysnteriae independent of the action of streptomycin. Newcombe and Hawirko (1949) compared the numbers of resistant cells in individual test cultures with the numbers expected according to the mutation hypothesis in E. coli and found good agreement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic Studies on the Development of Streptomycin Resistance in Pasteurella Pestis

Garber¹,

Noble²,

Carouso³

1953

J Bacteriol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic Studies on the Development of Streptomycin Resistance in Pasteurella Pestis

Garber¹,

Noble²,

Carouso³

1953

J Bacteriol

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“…Selman Waksman discovered streptomycin to be a particularly potent drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1944, while at Rutgers University (Schatz and Waksman, 1944). The first mutants resistant to streptomycin were reported as early as 1946 (Klein and Kimmelman, 1946). The mutants could be classified into two distinct types, depending upon whether they exhibit high‐ or low‐level streptomycin resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of a conserved 7‐methylguanosine modification in 16S rRNA confers low‐level streptomycin resistance in bacteria

Okamoto

Tamaru

Nakajima

et al. 2007

Molecular Microbiology

257

247

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SummaryStreptomycin has been an important drug for the treatment of tuberculosis since its discovery in 1944. But numerous strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis, are now streptomycin resistant. Although such resistance is often mediated by mutations within rrs, a 16S rRNA gene or rpsL, which encodes the ribosomal protein S12, these mutations are found in a limited proportion of clinically isolated streptomycinresistant M. tuberculosis strains. Here we have succeeded in identifying a mutation that confers lowlevel streptomycin resistance to bacteria, including M. tuberculosis. We found that mutations within the gene gidB confer low-level streptomycin resistance and are an important cause of resistance found in 33% of resistant M. tuberculosis isolates. We further clarified that the gidB gene encodes a conserved 7-methylguanosine (m and, once emerged, result in vigorous emergence of high-level streptomycin-resistant mutants at a frequency more than 2000 times greater than that seen in wild-type strains. Further studies on the precise function of GidB may provide a basis for developing strategies to suppress pathogenic bacteria, including M. tuberculosis.

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“…When the resistance of the susceptible bacteria to streptomycin is raised by subculturing in increasing concentrations of drug, the ribonucleic acid content increases. This latter emergence of resistance has been shown by Klein and Kimmelman (1946) to be a matter of selection; that is, a minute proportion of bacteria in the population is resistant to streptomycin. All of the bacteria, with the exception of these resistant organisms, are killed in the presence of the drug, and in this manner a resistant strain is evolved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Studies on Antibiotic Resistance and the Nucleic Acid Content of Bacteria

Smolens

Vogt

1953

J Bacteriol

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Data presented recently (Smolens and Vogt, 1952) showed that Haemophilus pertussi grown on Bordet-Gengou medium contained a higher percentage of desoxyribonucleic acid than ribonucleic acid. Considerable increase in ribonucleic acid content could be effected by growing the same strains in a modified Cohen-Wheeler medium (Cohen and Wheeler, 1946). We have found since that H. perussis grown in the two different media mentioned above shows a marked difference in resistance to antibiotics. Similar results are demonstrated by Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. This communication is concerned with the relation of nucleic acid to the emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. Also, the results of studies on the effect of environment on the susceptibility and resistance of bacteria to antibiotics will be presented. MATERIALS AND MEODS Cultures. Two strains of Haemophilus pertussis were used: no. 18323, which is one of the standard cultures of the National Institutes of Health, and Tillman which was isolated from a patient in the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. These strains were grown on Bordet-Gengou medium containing 16 per cent defbrinated horse blood and dried from the frozen state in a large number of vials which were flame-sealed. A fresh vial was opened when required. M. pyogenes var. aureu8, strain 3A, streptomycin sensitive and resistant were also employed; these cultures were supplied through the courtesy of Dr. M. G. Sevag. Media. Two types of media were employed: freshly prepared Bordet-Gengou medium and the medium described by Cohen and Wheeler (1946) plus 2 per cent agar and 0.4 per cent Norit A as suggested by Powell, Culbertson, and Ensminger (1951). Antibiotics. Aureomycin, chloramphenicol, crystalline G penicillin, streptomycin sulfate, and terramycin were utilized. Dilutions were made in 0.85 per cent NaCl. Measurement of antibiotic acvy. Both the paper disc and the plate methods were used. The discs were 6.5 mm in diameter.

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The Role of Spontaneous Variants in the Acquisition of Streptomycin Resistance by the Shigellae

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

Genetic Studies on the Development of Streptomycin Resistance in Pasteurella Pestis

Genetic Studies on the Development of Streptomycin Resistance in Pasteurella Pestis

Loss of a conserved 7‐methylguanosine modification in 16S rRNA confers low‐level streptomycin resistance in bacteria

Studies on Antibiotic Resistance and the Nucleic Acid Content of Bacteria

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