The role of staphyloxanthin in the regulation of membrane biophysical properties in Staphylococcus aureus

Múnera-Jaramillo, Jessica; López, Gerson-Dirceu; Suesca, Elizabeth; Carazzone, Chiara; Leidy, Chad; Manrique-Moreno, Marcela

doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184288

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

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“…Staphyloxanthin from various media exhibited a similar retardation factor. Additionally, the separation of staphyloxanthin into two bands resembled findings reported by Munera-Jaramillo et al, wherein an upper yellow band attributed to 4,4′-DNPA (4,4′-diaponeurosporenoic acid) and a lower orange band attributed to staphyloxanthin were observed [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Enhancing Staphyloxanthin Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus Using Innovative Agar Media Formulations

Omar

2024

Cureus

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BackgroundStaphyloxanthin, a carotenoid pigment found in Staphylococcus aureus, serves not only to impart color but also functions as a crucial antioxidant contributing to virulence. Traditionally, milk agar has been employed to enhance staphyloxanthin production, however, no alternative media have been explored. ObjectivesThis study aims to enhance staphyloxanthin production in Staphylococcus aureus using beetroot and carrot formulations. MethodsTo assess the efficacy of the media, we utilized filter paper, slide spot tests, and microscopic visualization as preliminary identification techniques. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and paper chromatography were employed for characterization. Pigment quantification was conducted using microtiter plate assays, and genotypical detection was performed using Reverse Transcriptase-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). ResultsBeetroot agar exhibited the highest pigment intensity, followed by beetroot with carrot agar, milk agar, carrot agar, and nutrient agar with the lowest intensity. These novel media formulations increased staphyloxanthin synthesis yield, resulting in spectrum shifts ranging from 450 nm (yellow) of milk agar to 470 nm (carrot agar) /480 nm (orange) of beetroot agar. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that beetroot and carrot agar can effectively enhance staphyloxanthin production in Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, we propose the potential for large-scale cultivation of these pigments in future studies for various industrial applications, such as integration into paints, fabrics, and sunscreen lotions, due to their antioxidant properties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Enhancing Staphyloxanthin Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus Using Innovative Agar Media Formulations

Omar

2024

Cureus

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Pigments from pathogenic bacteria: a comprehensive update on recent advances

Acharya,

Shaw,

Bhattacharya

et al. 2024

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Lipidomics of homeoviscous adaptation to low temperatures inStaphylococcus aureusutilizing exogenous straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids over biosynthesized endogenous branched-chain fatty acids

Barbarek,

Shah,

Paul

et al. 2024

Preprint

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It is well established thatStaphylococcus aureuscan incorporate exogenous straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids (SCUFAs) into membrane phospho- and glyco-lipids from various sources in supplemented culture media, and when growingin vivoin an infection. Given the enhancement of membrane fluidity when oleic acid (C18:1Δ9) is incorporated into lipids, we were prompted to examine the effect of medium supplementation with C18:1Δ9 on growth at low temperatures. C18:1Δ9 supported the growth of a cold-sensitive, branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA)-deficient mutant at 12°C. Interestingly, we found similar results in the BCFA-sufficient parental strain. We show that incorporation of C18:1Δ9 and its elongation product C20:1Δ9 into membrane lipids was required for growth stimulation and relied on a functional FakAB incorporation system. Lipidomics analysis of the phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diglycosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) lipid classes revealed major impacts of C18:1Δ9 and temperature on lipid species. Growth at 12°C in the presence of C18:1Δ9 also led to increased production of the carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin; however, this was not an obligatory requirement for cold adaptation. Enhancement of growth by C18:1Δ9 is an example of homeoviscous adaptation to low temperatures utilizing an exogenous fatty acid. This may be significant in the growth ofS. aureusat low temperatures in foods that commonly contain C18:1Δ9 and other SCUFAs in various forms.IMPORTANCEWe show thatS. aureuscan use its known ability to incorporate exogenous fatty acids to enhance its growth at low temperatures. Individual species of phosphatidylglycerols and diglycosyldiacylglycerol bearing one or two degrees of unsaturation derived from incorporation of C18:1Δ9 at 12°C are described for the first time. In addition, enhanced production of the carotenoid staphyloxanthin occurs at low temperatures. The studies describe a biochemical reality underlying in membrane biophysics. This is an example of homeoviscous adaptation to low temperatures utilizing exogenous fatty acids over the regulation of the biosynthesis of endogenous fatty acids. The studies have likely relevance to food safety in that unsaturated fatty acids may enhance growth ofS. aureusin the food environment.

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The role of staphyloxanthin in the regulation of membrane biophysical properties in Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 5 publications

References 60 publications

Enhancing Staphyloxanthin Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus Using Innovative Agar Media Formulations

Enhancing Staphyloxanthin Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus Using Innovative Agar Media Formulations

Pigments from pathogenic bacteria: a comprehensive update on recent advances

Lipidomics of homeoviscous adaptation to low temperatures inStaphylococcus aureusutilizing exogenous straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids over biosynthesized endogenous branched-chain fatty acids

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