“…Critical realism has increasingly been appropriated by organizational and management studies (Ackroyd and Fleetwood, 2000;Willmott, 2000;Mutch, 2002;Fleetwood and Ackroyd, 2004;Leca and Naccache, 2006;Llewellyn, 2007) as well as accounting research (Modell, 2009(Modell, & 2013Ashraf and Uddin, 2013;Stergiou et al, 2013;Mutiganda, 2013). Reviewing the existing critical realist research on management accounting change, Modell (2014) noted that researchers tend to use critical realism in a generic manner i.e.…”