The Role of Sucrose in Regulation of Trunk Tissue Development in Betula pendula Roth

Novitskaya, L. L.; Kushnir, Feodor V.

doi:10.1007/s00344-004-0419-2

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, in contrast to annually produced vascular tissue where differentiation of both transport tissues is coordinated by the bifacial vascular cambium, xylem differentiation lags behind that of phloem in major veins during early leaf development (Esau, ), a phenomenology that is not expected a priori to yield an isometric scaling relationship between phloem and xylem conductive areas across all vein orders. The isometric scaling relationship between the transport areas of both tissues in leaves highlights a form–function coordination that is likely to reflect metabolic signaling involving auxin and sucrose (Novitskaya & Kushnir, ) that regulates the numbers and sizes of STMs and VMs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scaling of the hydraulic architecture in poplar leaves

et al. 2017

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Although much is known about the hydraulics of xylem, the hydraulic interconnectivity and dimensional scaling of phloem with respect to xylem in leaves has not been adequately studied to test alternative hydraulic architectural rules such as da Vinci's rule or Murray's rule, or physiological models such as Münch's Pressure Flow hypothesis. Using confocal and electron microscopy as well as mathematical analyses, we examined the hydraulic architecture of the mature leaves of the model species Populus tremula × alba across all seven hierarchical orders of the vascular branching. We show that: phloem and xylem conductive areas increase from minor to major veins; the sum of the conductive areas for each vein order increases exponentially from major to minor veins; the volume of individual sieve tube and vessel members increases from minor to major veins; and phloem conductive area scales isometrically with respect to xylem area across all vein orders. The application of first principles to our data shows that conductive areas scale according to da Vinci's rule and not according to Murray's rule, and that the phloem network in poplar leaves can generate the pressure gradient envisioned in Münch's hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scaling of the hydraulic architecture in poplar leaves

et al. 2017

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“…In our study, the largest conduits were found close to the base of the living crown; the position within the living crown, and the distance from auxin sources, may play a role in the control of conduit size. Sucrose is also supposed to act as a morphogen-like substance that can strongly influence conducting tissue morphogenesis (Novitskaya & Kushnir, 2006). For instance,…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of phloem and xylem hydraulic architecture inPicea abiesstems

Jyske¹,

Hölttä

2014

New Phytologist

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The hydraulic properties of xylem and phloem differ but the magnitude and functional consequences of the differences are not well understood. Phloem and xylem functional areas, hydraulic conduit diameters and conduit frequency along the stems of Picea abies trees were measured and expressed as allometric functions of stem diameter and distance from stem apex. Conductivities of phloem and xylem were estimated from these scaling relations. Compared with xylem, phloem conduits were smaller and occupied a slightly larger fraction of conducting tissue area. Ten times more xylem than phloem was annually produced along the stem. Scaling of the conduit diameters and cross-sectional areas with stem diameter were very similar in phloem and xylem. Phloem and xylem conduits scaled also similarly with distance from stem apex; widening downwards from the tree top, and reaching a plateau near the base of the living crown. Phloem conductivity was estimated to scale similarly to the conductivity of the outermost xylem ring, with the ratio of phloem to xylem conductivity being c. 2%. However, xylem conductivity was estimated to increase more than phloem conductivity with increasing tree dimensions as a result of accumulation of xylem sapwood. Phloem partly compensated for its smaller conducting area and narrower conduits by having a slightly higher conduit frequency.

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“…At the same time, starch synthesis in sugar beet taproots was found to cease during intense accu mulation of sugars; the suppression of starch synthesis was accompanied by the increased formation of energy rich substances, lipids in particular [7]. The results of our studies show that parenchymal cells in conducting phloem of Karelian birch, unlike common birch, also accumulate significant amounts of lipids and phenols (tannins) in the period of active cambial growth [1,2]. Thus, it is possible that the lower level of starch in the phloem of Karelian birch is related to the necessity for utilization of large amounts of sucrose and its conversion to lipid compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Specific texture of Karelian birch wood emerges as a result of deviations in cambial activity [1,2]. In zones of structural anomalies, the program of cell death responsible for the formation of xylem fibrous tracheids and vessels and phloem sieve tubes is not commenced; the differentiating cambial derivatives retain the protoplast and turn into storage parenchyma cells that accumulate abundant lipids and tannins [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In zones of structural anomalies, the program of cell death responsible for the formation of xylem fibrous tracheids and vessels and phloem sieve tubes is not commenced; the differentiating cambial derivatives retain the protoplast and turn into storage parenchyma cells that accumulate abundant lipids and tannins [2]. Disorders in differentiation of xylem and phloem con ducting elements are visually evident in appearance of large aggregations of parenchymal cells producing a characteristic pattern on wood sections (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity of sucrose synthase in trunk tissues of Karelian birch during cambial growth

Галибина¹,

Novitskaya²,

Krasavina

et al. 2015

Russ J Plant Physiol

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Activity of sucrose synthase (SS) and the content of starch were studied in the xylem and phloem of two forms of 40 year old trees of Betula pendula Roth: common silver birch (B. pendula var. pendula) and Karelian birch (B. pendula var. carelica). In order to reveal the initial signs of wood patterning, we used 8 year old trees of Karelian birch that did not yet exhibit visible deviations from normal growth (trees with unpatterned wood) and those where formation of structural trunk anomalies already commenced (trees with patterned wood). Investigation was conducted during the period of cambial growth: in June growth was active and in July growth was suppressed by weather conditions. In June we found a high SS activity in the xylem of 40 year old plants of common birch. Retardation of growth of common birch in July was accompanied by the decrease in SS activity in the xylem and by accumulation of starch, especially in the phloem. In 8 year old trees of Karelian birch with unpatterned wood, the SS activity in the xylem was lower than in common birch trees, while the content of starch in the phloem was higher. In the xylem of trees with patterned wood, the highest activity of SS was approximately 2.5 times lower than in the trees with unpatterned wood. The lower SS activity in the xylem of patterned trunk trees was not associated with starch accumulation in the phloem. We propose that low SS activity during cambial growth reduces sink capacity of xylem tissues, thus leading to a considerable increase in the sucrose content in the phloem, which can alter the program of cell development in the cambial zone of Karelian birch.

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The Role of Sucrose in Regulation of Trunk Tissue Development in Betula pendula Roth

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

The scaling of the hydraulic architecture in poplar leaves

The scaling of the hydraulic architecture in poplar leaves

Comparison of phloem and xylem hydraulic architecture inPicea abiesstems

Activity of sucrose synthase in trunk tissues of Karelian birch during cambial growth

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