The Role of Sulfur Compounds in Coloring and Melting Kinetics of Industrial Glass

Falcone, Roberto; Ceola, Stefano; Daneo, A.; Maurina, Stefano

doi:10.2138/rmg.2011.73.5

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Sulfur, present in the form of sodium sulfate, Na 2 SO 4 , is widely used as a refining agent for bubble removal and accelerated silica sand grain dissolution in commercial soda-lime–silica (SLS) glass manufacture. − Under oxidizing melting conditions, some of the added sulfate partially dissolves (represented as SO 3 or SO 4 2– ) within the glass melt, and SO 3 solubilities of 0.2–1 wt % have been demonstrated for soda-lime–silica (SLS) glasses. ,,− The solubility of SO 3 in the melt is strongly affected by the composition, redox conditions, and melting temperatures. Besides sulfates, under strongly reducing conditions, sulfur dissolves in the melt in the form of sulfide (S 2– ) and has long been used by SLS container glass industries to provide the well-known Fe 3+ –S 2– amber color. ,,− In addition to commercial glass manufacture, sulfur solubility in silicate liquids is also of interest to geologists due to the atmospheric release of large amounts of SO 2 gas during volcanic eruptions. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Diffraction and Raman Studies of the Incorporation of Sulfate in Silicate Glasses

et al. 2020

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The oxidation state, coordination, and local environment of sulfur in alkali silicate (R 2 O−SiO 2 ; R = Na, Li) and alkali/alkalineearth silicate (Na 2 O−MO−SiO 2 ; M = Ca, Ba) glasses have been investigated using neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. With analyses of both the individual total neutron correlation functions and suitable doped−undoped differences, the S−O bonds and (O−O) S correlations were clearly isolated from the other overlapping correlations due to Si−O and (O−O) Si distances in the SiO 4 tetrahedra and the modifier−oxygen (R−O and M−O) distances. Clear evidence was obtained that the sulfur is present as SO 4 2− groups, confirmed by the observation in the Raman spectra of the symmetric S−O stretch mode of SO 4 2− groups. The modifier−oxygen bond length distributions were deconvoluted from the neutron correlation functions by fitting. The Na−O and Li−O bond length distributions were clearly asymmetric, whereas no evidence was obtained for asymmetry of the Ca−O and Ba−O distributions. A consideration of the bonding shows that the oxygen atoms in the SO 42− groups do not participate in the silicate network and as such constitute a third type of oxygen, "non-network oxygen", in addition to the bridging and non-bridging oxygens that are bonded to silicon atoms. Thus, each individual sulfate group is surrounded by a shell of modifier and is not connected directly to the silicate network. The addition of SO 3 to the glass leads to a conversion of oxygen atoms within the silicate network from non-bridging to bridging so that there is repolymerization of the silicate network. There is evidence that SO 3 doping leads to changes in the form of the distribution of Na−O bond lengths with a reduction in the fitted short-bond coordination number and an increase in the fitted long-bond coordination number, and this is consistent with repolymerization of the silicate network. In contrast, there is no evidence that SO 3 doping leads to a change in the distribution of Li−O bond lengths with a total Li−O coordination number consistently in excess of 4.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Diffraction and Raman Studies of the Incorporation of Sulfate in Silicate Glasses

et al. 2020

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“…5 c) [1]. The color intensity depends on the concentration of Fe 3+ -ions and S 2--ions, the atmosphere, the alkali concentration in the batch, the addition of reductive components such as carbon, and the heat treatment, among others [1,3,[53][54][55].…”

Section: A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of chromophores in stained-glass windows using Visible Hyperspectral Imaging in-situ

Palomar

Grazia

Cardoso

et al. 2019

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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This work presents the implementation of Visible Hyperspectral Imaging for the in-situ analysis of glass chromophores in two glass windows from the Casa-Museu Dr. Anastácio Gonçalves (Lisbon, Portugal). The measurements were taken inside the building using natural sunlight as the illumination source. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of the followed methodology are discussed.The Dining Room glass window presents glasses colored in bulk with iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, and chromium; silver staining was also detected and was used to create the yellow and orange colors. The Atelier panel was produced with uncolored glasses painted with grisaille and enamels; the chromophores identified are similar to the species identified in the Dining Room panel.

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“…The Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ratio is among others a function of oxygen fugacity, temperature and melt composition (e.g., Fudali, 1965;Sack et al, 1980;Kilinc et al, 1983;Mysen et al, 1985;Mysen, 1990;Borisov and Shapkin, 1990; applications the redox state of iron in glasses is important for e.g. colorization of container glass, protection from UV rays in glass windows and reduction of heat-load by absorption of IR-rays in cars and buildings (Uchino et al, 2000;Lefrere, 2002;Falcone et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxygen fugacity on the coordination and oxidation state of iron in alkali bearing silicate melts

et al. 2015

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The Role of Sulfur Compounds in Coloring and Melting Kinetics of Industrial Glass

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Neutron Diffraction and Raman Studies of the Incorporation of Sulfate in Silicate Glasses

Neutron Diffraction and Raman Studies of the Incorporation of Sulfate in Silicate Glasses

Analysis of chromophores in stained-glass windows using Visible Hyperspectral Imaging in-situ

Effect of oxygen fugacity on the coordination and oxidation state of iron in alkali bearing silicate melts

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