The role of sunlight exposure in determining the vitamin D status of the U.K. white adult population

Webb, Ann R.; Kift, Richard; Durkin, Mike; O’Brien, Sarah J.; Vail, Andy; Berry, Jacqueline; Rhodes, Lesley E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09975.x

Cited by 157 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Similar data has been reported in other studies involving white adults from Poland and from other countries in the temperate climate zone [10][11][12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Since peak annual 25(OH)D serum levels have been previously recorded in August and September for the northern hemisphere [10,11], we checked whether subjects tested in each week of the autumn examination series (25 th …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the northern hemisphere, 25(OH)D serum levels vary seasonally: its highest values are recorded in August and September, and its lowest in February [10,11]. In Europe at latitudes above 51 degrees, there is insufficient natural UV light for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis from September to March [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Powszechny niedobór witaminy D u dorosłych z województwa pomorskiego po miesiącach niskiego i wysokiego promieniowania UVB

Kmieć

Żmijewski²,

Lizakowska-Kmieć³

et al. 2015

Endokrynologia Polska

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Introduction: Widespread vitamin D deficiency has been reported worldwide and evidence of its deleterious effects on health has been accumulating. There is insufficient data concerning vitamin D status among the Polish adult population. The aim of the study was to determine vitamin D status and factors influencing it -UVB exposure, supplementation, and diet -among adults in northern Poland following months of low and high natural UVB radiation.

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“…Similar data has been reported in other studies involving white adults from Poland and from other countries in the temperate climate zone [10][11][12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Powszechny niedobór witaminy D u dorosłych z województwa pomorskiego po miesiącach niskiego i wysokiego promieniowania UVB

Kmieć

Żmijewski²,

Lizakowska-Kmieć³

et al. 2015

Endokrynologia Polska

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“…Accurate knowledge of the levels of spectral surface UV irradiance is necessary in order to quantify effects on the health of humans Webb et al, 2010) and ecosystems (Ballare et al, 2011;Häder et al, 2011), and prevent potential impacts from over-or under-exposure to UV radiation (Lucas et al, 2015). Additionally, reliable estimations of the trends of spectral surface UV irradiance provide useful information for assessing these impacts and for adopting proper measures (Morgenstern et al, 2008;Newman and McKenzie, 2011;van Dijk et al, 2013).…”

Section: Fountoulakis Et Al: Short-and Long-term Variability Of Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and long-term variability of spectral solar UV irradiance at Thessaloniki, Greece: effects of changes in aerosols, total ozone and clouds

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In this study, we discuss the short-and the longterm variability of spectral UV irradiance at Thessaloniki, Greece, using a long, quality-controlled data set from two Brewer spectrophotometers. Long-term changes in spectral UV irradiance at 307.5, 324 and 350 nm for the period 1994-2014 are presented for different solar zenith angles and discussed in association with changes in total ozone column (TOC), aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloudiness observed in the same period. Positive changes in annual mean anomalies of UV irradiance, ranging from 2 to 6 % per decade, have been detected both for clear-and all-sky conditions. The changes are generally greater for larger solar zenith angles and for shorter wavelengths. For clear-skies, these changes are, in most cases, statistically significant at the 95 % confidence limit. Decreases in the aerosol load and weakening of the attenuation by clouds lead to increases in UV irradiance in the summer, of 7-9 % per decade for 64 • solar zenith angle. The increasing TOC in winter counteracts the effect of decreasing AOD for this particular season, leading to small, statistically insignificant, negative long-term changes in irradiance at 307.5 nm. Annual mean UV irradiance levels are increasing from 1994 to 2006 and remain relatively stable thereafter, possibly due to the combined changes in the amount and optical properties of aerosols. However, no statistically significant corresponding turning point has been detected in the long-term changes of AOD. The absence of signatures of changes in AOD in the short-term variability of irradiance in the UV-A may have been caused by changes in the single scattering albedo of aerosols, which may counteract the effects of changes in AOD on irradiance. The anticorrelation between the year-to-year variability of the irradiance at 307.5 nm and TOC is clear and becomes clearer as the AOD decreases.

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“…A higher odds ratio for being in the over 25 nmol/l category was observed in both winter (OR,1.4; CI 1.0-2.0) and summer (OR, 1.9; CI, 1.2-2.9) for those living in coastal regions (Brock et al 2010). We would expect that the difference between coastal and inland resident"s 25(OH)D would mirror the seasonality of solar irradiance across the year as shown in a British sample (Webb et al 2010). Thus as in Brock, the differences we have observed would be higher in summer and lower in winter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Coastal climate is associated with elevated solar irradiance and higher 25(OH)D level

Cherrie

Wheeler

White

et al. 2015

Environment International

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Introduction There is evidence that populations living close to the coast have improved health and wellbeing. Coastal environments are linked to promotion of physical activity through provision of safe, opportune, aesthetic and accessible spaces for recreation. Exposure to coastal environments may also reduce stress and induce positive mood. In addition to these processes we hypothesised that coastal climate may influence the vitamin D status of residents and thus partly explain benefits to health. Materials and MethodsEcological and cross-sectional analyses were designed to elucidate the connection between coastal residence and vitamin D status. We divided residential data, from developed land use areas and the Lower Super Output Areas of the 1958 Birth Cohort participants, into the following coastal bands: <1km, 1-5km, 5-20km, 20-50km and over 50km. In the ecological analysis we used a multiple regression model to describe the relationship between UVvitd and coastal proximity adjusted for latitude. Subsequently, using the residential information of the participants of the 1958 Birth Cohort we developed a multiple regression model to understand the relationship between serum 25(OH)D (a marker of vitamin D status) and coastal proximity adjusted for several factors related to vitamin D status (e.g. diet, outdoor activity). ResultsWe found that coastal proximity was associated with solar irradiance; a 99.6 (96.1-103.3) J/m2/day regression coefficient was observed for settlements <1 km from the coast compared with those above 50 km. This relationship was modified by latitude with lower latitude exhibiting a greater effect. Individuals living in the <1 km coastal category had on average a 4 nmol/l higher vitamin D status compared to those living inland. ConclusionGeographic location in the UK may influence human biochemistry and health outcomes due to environmental factors. This can provide benefits in terms of vitamin D status but may also pose a risk due to higher skin cancer rates. We provide further evidence in support of the claim that coastal environments can provide opportunities for health and wellbeing. Exposure to coastal environments may also reduce stress and induce positive mood. 29In addition to these processes we hypothesised that coastal climate may influence 30 the vitamin D status of residents and thus partly explain benefits to health. 31 Materials and Methods 32Ecological and cross-sectional analyses were designed to elucidate the connection Results 43We found that coastal proximity was associated with solar irradiance; a 99.6 (96.1-

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The role of sunlight exposure in determining the vitamin D status of the U.K. white adult population

Abstract: Late summer 25(OH)D levels approximating the optimal range are required to retain sufficiency throughout the U.K. winter. Currently the majority of the population fails to reach this post-summer level and becomes vitamin D insufficient during the winter.

Cited by 157 publications

References 27 publications

Powszechny niedobór witaminy D u dorosłych z województwa pomorskiego po miesiącach niskiego i wysokiego promieniowania UVB

Powszechny niedobór witaminy D u dorosłych z województwa pomorskiego po miesiącach niskiego i wysokiego promieniowania UVB

Short- and long-term variability of spectral solar UV irradiance at Thessaloniki, Greece: effects of changes in aerosols, total ozone and clouds

Coastal climate is associated with elevated solar irradiance and higher 25(OH)D level

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