The role of suppression in resolving interference: Evidence for an age-related deficit.

Healey, M. Karl; Hasher, Lynn; Campbell, Karen L.

doi:10.1037/a0033003

Cited by 79 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Despite this, older adults still recollected fewer changes, and this partly explained why older adults showed proactive interference in their recall, but younger adults did not. Older adults' greater susceptibility to interference shown in that study is similar to results shown in other interference paradigms (e.g., Hasher & Zacks, 1988;Jacoby, Debner, & Hay, 2001;Healey, Hasher, & Campbell, 2013). However, these results from Wahlheim (2014) showed that in situations involving episodic change, this deficit can be partly explained by differences in the ability to detect and recollect changes.…”

Section: Adult Age Differences In Event Perception and Memory For Changesupporting

confidence: 54%

“…12, 2017; we hypothesized that successful change recollection would be associated with better recall of Day 2 activity features and lower rates of intruding Day 1 features. Based on earlier findings showing that older adults are more susceptible to interference effects (Healey, Hasher, & Campbell, 2013;Jacoby, Debner, & Hay, 2001;Wahlheim, 2014), we expected older adults to show a differential deficit for recall of changed activities, which would partly reflect a change recollection deficit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on our proposal described above, we hypothesized successful change recollection would indicate that the participant had experienced a prediction error during the viewing of the changed activity during the Day 2 movie, resulting in updating and the formation of a configural representation of Day 2 that included the retrieval of the Day 1 and the ensuing prediction error as a component. Therefore, showing that older adults are more susceptible to interference effects (Healey, Hasher, & Campbell, 2013;Jacoby, Debner, & Hay, 2001;Wahlheim, 2014), we expected older adults to show a differential deficit for recall of changed activities, which would partly reflect a change recollection deficit. …”

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confidence: 99%

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Memory Guides the Comprehension of Event Changes for Older and Younger Adults

Wahlheim

Zacks

2017

Preprint

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Two experiments examined adult age differences in the use of memory to comprehend changes in everyday activities. Participants viewed movies depicting an actor performing activities on two fictive days in her life. Some activities were repeated across days, other activities were repeated with a changed feature (e.g., waking up to an alarm clock or a phone alarm), and a final set of activities was performed on Day 2 only. After a one-week delay, participants completed a cued recall test for the activities of Day 2. Unsurprisingly, exact repetition boosted final recall.More surprising, features that changed from Day 1 to Day 2 were remembered approximately as well as features that were only presented on Day 2-showing an absence of proactive interference and in some cases proactive facilitation. Proactive facilitation was strongly related to participants' ability to detect and recollect the changes. Younger adults detected and recollected more changes than older adults, which in part explained older adults' differential deficit in memory for changed activity features. We propose that this pattern may reflect observers' use of episodic memory to make predictions during the experience of a new activity, and that when predictions fail, this triggers processing that benefits subsequent episodic memory.Disruption of this chain of processing could play a role in age-related episodic memory deficits.Keywords: Change Detection, Episodic Memory, Event Perception, Prediction Error, Reminding . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/201939 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Oct. 12, 2017; CHANGE COMPREHENSION 3 Memory Guides the Comprehension of Event Changes for Older and Younger AdultsMany of the activities people experience are not brand new, and not completely novel, but are near repetitions-variations on a theme. For example, suppose you had a friend who always ordered a cheeseburger for dinner, but then discovered a family history of heart disease.When you next have dinner with this friend, you might predict that she would place her regular order, but then experience a prediction error if she ordered a salad. Registering this change, consciously or not, would help you to better predict her behavior the next time you eat together.The processing associated with registering the change might also affect your encoding of this particular episode. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework that proposes a mechanism by which people use memory for recent past events to guide their comprehension and encoding of the present, with consequences for subsequent memory. This framework is based on previous studies of memory for change and previous research on event comprehension. It leads to predictions about how memory for changes in events is affected by aging, which we tested in two experiments. Before describing the framework and the present experiments, we descri...

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Section: Adult Age Differences In Event Perception and Memory For Changesupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Memory Guides the Comprehension of Event Changes for Older and Younger Adults

Wahlheim

Zacks

2017

Preprint

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“…Another, non-mutually exclusive possibility is that older adults' retrieval control processes are weaker than even those of young adults under DA at retrieval. Indeed, older adults show greater susceptibility to interference (Ikier, Yang, & Hasher, 2008) and a reduced ability to resolve interference at retrieval compared to young adults (Healey, Hasher, & Campbell, 2013). Also, older adults show retrieval impairments that are not typically observed in young adults under DA, such as higher rates of false recognition for associates of target words (Budson, Sullivan, Daffner, & Schacter, 2003), and a greater influence of misleading stimuli at retrieval (Jacoby, Bishara, Hessels, & Toth, 2005), suggesting that retrieval in older adults may be affected by factors other than a simple reduction of attentional resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divided attention reduces resistance to distraction at encoding but not retrieval

Weeks

Hasher

2016

Psychon Bull Rev

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Older adults show implicit memory for previously seen distraction, an effect attributed to poor attentional control. It is unclear whether this effect results from lack of control over encoding during the distraction task, lack of retrieval constraint during the test task, or both. In the present study, we simulated poor distraction control in young adults using divided attention at encoding, at retrieval, at both times, or not at all. The encoding task was a 1-back task on pictures with distracting superimposed letter strings, some of which were words. The retrieval task was a word fragment completion task testing implicit memory for the distracting words. Attention was divided using an auditory odd digit detection task. Dividing attention at encoding, but not at retrieval, resulted in significant priming for distraction, which suggests that control over encoding processes is a primary determinant of distraction transfer in populations with low inhibitory control (e.g. older adults).

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“…These are then available to and compete for the focus of attention at later retrieval, and neural evidence also suggests that older adults' re-activated memory representations are less stimulus-specific than young adults' (St-Laurent et al, 2014), allowing further opportunity for competition and interference. Across multiple trials, especially with related stimuli, these effects may "snowball" to further increase age differences, as during retrieval young adults suppress related competitors more efficiently than do older adults (Healey et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%