The Role of Temperature and Frequency on Fretting Wear of a Like-on-Like Stainless Steel Contact

Abstract

The influences of environmental temperature and fretting frequency on the mechanisms and rates of wear in a like-on-like 304 stainless steel contact were examined and mainly attributed to changes in the mechanical response of the bulk material and to changes in the behaviour of the oxide debris formed in the fretting process. At low temperatures, wear proceeds by continual oxide formation and egress from the contact, whilst at high temperatures, the rate of wear is much reduced, associated with the development of oxide formed into a protective bed within the contact. The temperature at which the change between these two behaviours took place was dependent upon the fretting frequency, with evidence that, at this transition temperature, changes in behaviour can occur as the fretting test proceeds under a fixed set of conditions. An interaction diagram has been developed which provides a coherent framework by which the complex effects of these two parameters can be rationalised in terms of widely accepted physical principles.

The effect of frequency on both the debris and the development of the tribologically transformed structure during fretting wear of a high strength steel

“…Previous work [28,30] has suggested that the frequency of fretting primarily affects the wear processes in two main ways. Firstly, changes in frequency influence the rate of power dissipation in the contact, thereby influencing temperature; the temperature of the contact itself affects (i) the tendency for the debris to be retained in the contact and form a coherent bed; (ii) the mechanical properties of the substrate material; (iii) the rate at which oxide forms from the metallic surfaces.…”

“…The same authors also observed for the same material the temperature at which such a protective debris layer formed to be dependent on frequency, attributing this effect to the competing effects of rate of oxidation, inter-pass time between fretting strokes and the influence of temperature on agglomeration of oxide debris. In the latter work the rate of surface damage in fretting was linked to plastic deformation of the bulk material (affected by changes in mechanical properties), and the balance of abrasive and protective roles of wear debris, in turn affected by the balance of oxide formation and agglomeration as influenced by temperature and fretting frequency [30].…”

Fretting wear rate evolution of a flat-on-flat low alloyed steel contact: A weighted friction energy formulation

“…This leads to buildup of thicker oxide layer on the surface and consequently a larger quantity of easily ejected oxide debris. According to Jin et al (2017) [29], an increase in the fretting frequency results in a reduction in the inter-pass time which is the time between asperity interactions for a given asperity. This in turn lessens the oxide formation per cycle which hence reduces abrasion and may also inhibit the formation of the debris bed at the same time.…”

A Review on Fretting Wear Mechanisms, Models and Numerical Analyses

“…A recent research on the high strength alloy steel S132 reported that the transition temperature, under which range the wear coefficient and CoF decrease significantly with increasing the temperature, related to the displacement amplitude [Hayes and Shipway (2017)]. Based on the study of 304 stainless steel on fretting wear, the fretting frequency affects the transition temperature [Jin, Shipway and Sun (2017)]. Besides steel, the loading conditions (displacement amplitude, temperature, the effect of the normal load, the frequency and the contact size) were also studied on Ti-6Al-4V contact [van Peteghem, Fouvry and Petit (2011); Fouvry, Arnaud, Mignot et al (2017)].…”

“…This contact solver based on conjugate gradient method and optimized fast Fourier transfer techniques reduce computation time. Kasarekar et al [Kasarekar, Bolander, Sadeghi et al (2007)] proposed a numerical method for simulating fretting wear with rough surfaces. Results from sinusoidal rough and random rough surfaces indicate roughness plays a significant role in wear process.…”