The role of the accessory and main olfactory systems in maternal behavior of the primiparous rat

Jirik-Babb, Pauline; Manaker, Scott; Am, Tucker; Ma, Hofer

doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(84)90267-x

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the rat, however, olfaction played no crucial role in the initiation of maternal behavior at parturition. In this species, following prepartum destruction of the OM by zinc sulfate application, normal onset of maternal behavior was found in primiparous parturient females (Benuck and Rowe, 1975;Jirik-Babb et al, 1984;Kolunie and Stern, 1995). Functional studies in the rabbit revealed that, between birth and postnatal day 5, the median time taken by the pups to attach to nipples decreases from 11.8 to 3.2 sec.…”

Section: Postnatal Morphology Of Olfactory Mucosa In Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Morphofunctional Adaptations of the Olfactory Mucosa in Postnatally Developing Rabbits

Kavoi

Makanya

Plendl

et al. 2012

The Anatomical Record

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Rabbits are born blind and deaf and receive unusually limited maternal care. Consequently, their suckling young heavily rely on the olfactory cue for nipple attachment. However, the postnatal morphofunctional adaptations of olfactory mucosa (OM) are not fully elucidated. To clarify on the extent and the pattern of refinement of the OM following birth in the rabbit, morphologic and morphometric analysis of the mucosa were done at neonatal (0-1 days), suckling (2 weeks), weanling (4 weeks), and adult (6-8 months) stages of postnatal development. In all the age groups, the basic components of the OM were present. However, proliferative activity of cells of the mucosal epithelium decreased with increasing age as revealed by Ki-67 immunostaining. Diameters of axon bundles, packing densities of olfactory cells, and cilia numbers per olfactory cell knob increased progressively with age being 5.5, 2.1, and 2.6 times, respectively, in the adult as compared with the neonate. Volume fraction values for the bundles increased by 5.3% from birth to suckling age and by 7.4% from weaning to adulthood and the bundle cores were infiltrated with blood capillaries in all ages except in the adult where such vessels were lacking. The pattern of cilia projection from olfactory cell knobs also showed age-related variations, that is, arose as a tuft from the tips of the knobs in neonates and sucklings and in a radial pattern from the knob bases in weanlings and adults. These morphological changes may be attributed to the high olfactory functional demand associated with postnatal development in the rabbit.

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Section: Postnatal Morphology Of Olfactory Mucosa In Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Morphofunctional Adaptations of the Olfactory Mucosa in Postnatally Developing Rabbits

Kavoi

Makanya

Plendl

et al. 2012

The Anatomical Record

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“…Several studies have shown that pup retrieval was somewhat impaired by lesions to the olfactory mucosa caused by zinc sulfate (Benuck and Rowe, 1975). However, other studies showed that these manipulations did not decrease maternal behavior (Jirik-Babb et al, 1984; Kolunie and Stern, 1995). Similarly, removal of the vomeronasal organ, such as vomeronasal nerve cuts or olfactory bulbectomy, did not fully disrupt maternal behavior (Jirik-Babb et al, 1984; Morgan et al, 1992).…”

Section: Social Cues From Infants To Mothermentioning

confidence: 90%

Oxytocin and mutual communication in mother-infant bonding

Nagasawa¹,

Okabe²,

Mogi³

et al. 2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

161

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Mother-infant bonding is universal to all mammalian species. In this review, we describe the manner in which reciprocal communication between the mother and infant leads to mother-infant bonding in rodents. In rats and mice, mother-infant bond formation is reinforced by various social stimuli, such as tactile stimuli and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) from the pups to the mother, and feeding and tactile stimulation from the mother to the pups. Some evidence suggests that mother and infant can develop a cross-modal sensory recognition of their counterpart during this bonding process. Neurochemically, oxytocin in the neural system plays a pivotal role in each side of the mother-infant bonding process, although the mechanisms underlying bond formation in the brains of infants has not yet been clarified. Impairment of mother-infant bonding, that is, deprivation of social stimuli from the mother, strongly influences offspring sociality, including maternal behavior toward their own offspring in their adulthood, implying a "non-genomic transmission of maternal environment," even in rodents. The comparative understanding of cognitive functions between mother and infants, and the biological mechanisms involved in mother-infant bonding may help us understand psychiatric disorders associated with mother-infant relationships.

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“…Following destruction of the olfactory mucosa, a normal onset of maternal behavior occurs in primiparous females (Benuck & Rowe, 1975; Jirik-Babb, Manaker, Tucker, & Hofer, 1984; Kolunie & Stern, 1995), even though retrieval may be delayed because anosmic dams take longer to locate pups (Benuck & Rowe, 1975; Kolunie & Stern, 1995). Similarly, no deficit in maternal behavior is observed after removing the vomeronasal organ or cutting the vomeronasal nerves (Fleming, Gavarth, & Sarker, 1992; Jirik-Babb et al, 1984; Kolunie & Stern, 1995). Interestingly, the latency to begin retrieving pups is unaffected in these females, suggesting that the accessory olfactory system is not even critical for locating pups.…”

Section: Stimulus Salience Related To Maternal Responsiveness Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and divergent psychobiological mechanisms underlying maternal behaviors in non-human and human mammals

Lonstein

Lévy

Fleming

2015

Hormones and Behavior

121

128

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Maternal interactions with young occupy most of the reproductive period for female mammals and are absolutely essential for offspring survival and development. The hormonal, sensory, reward-related, emotional, cognitive and neurobiological regulators of maternal caregiving behaviors have been well studied in numerous subprimate mammalian species, and some of the importance of this body of work is thought to be its relevance for understanding similar controls in humans. We here review many of the important biopsychological influences on maternal behaviors in the two best studied non-human animals, laboratory rats and sheep, and directly examine how the conceptual framework established by some of the major discoveries in these animal “models” do or do not hold for our understanding of human mothering. We also explore some of the limits for extrapolating from non-human animals to humans. We conclude that there are many similarities between non-human and human mothers in the biological and psychological factors influencing their early maternal behavior and that many of the differences are due to species-characteristic features related to the role of hormones, the relative importance of each sensory system, flexibility in what behaviors are exhibited, the presence or absence of language, and the complexity of cortical function influencing the behavior.

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The role of the accessory and main olfactory systems in maternal behavior of the primiparous rat

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Morphofunctional Adaptations of the Olfactory Mucosa in Postnatally Developing Rabbits

Morphofunctional Adaptations of the Olfactory Mucosa in Postnatally Developing Rabbits

Oxytocin and mutual communication in mother-infant bonding

Common and divergent psychobiological mechanisms underlying maternal behaviors in non-human and human mammals

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