The Role of the Adrenal Gland in Homeostasis

Vogt, Marthe

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1954.sp001078

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These results give further support to the suggestion that dopainine is mainly metabolized to homovanillic acid in the striatum (26,27). The conversion goes on at a faster rate (27)(28)(29) than the conversion or dopamine to norepinephrine in other sites, including the hypothalamus (29-3 1 : see alscIt the excellent review by Hornykiewicz (5)). In contrast to the eEect of longacting monoamine oxidase inhibitors, it was previously reported that the dopamine of the striatum was not increased within I or 2 h after treatment with the short-acting monoamine oxidase inhibitor harmaline, which, however, induced an increase of the serotonin in the same structure (1 3).…”

Section: Eflect Of the Combinedinj~ction Of Harmaline Andsupporting

confidence: 70%

Opposite effect of harmaline on serotonin and on dopamine and its metabolites, homovanillic acid and norepinephrine, in the brain of the cat

Poirier¹,

Singh²,

Boucher³

1968

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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A comparison between the effects of a single injection and of several injections (24 h) of harmaline on the concentrations of serotonin, dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA), and norepinephrine in different structures of the brains of normal cats gave the following results. Treatment during a 24-h period caused a somewhat higher increase of serotonin in the thalamus and in the striatum than after a single injection but neither treatment affected the concentration of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus. Under the same conditions, a single injection of harmaline produced a slight decrease of HVA but not of dopamine in the striatum whereas the 24-h treatment caused a significant decrease of dopamine and almost complete depletion of HVA in the same structure. A single dose of harmaline (15 mg/kg) injected before L-DOPA (30 mg/kg) prevented the marked increase of dopamine and HVA that normally occurs in the striatum after the injection of L-DOPA alone. Harmaline injected before 5-HTP did not prevent the marked increase of serotonin in the thalamus and in the striatum. Harmaline appears to have a trapping effect on dopamine in the striatum by inhibiting its conversion to homovanillic acid and by simultaneously preventing its formation from L-DOPA This peculiar effect of harmaline is considered in relation to its effect on extrapyramidal syndromes which are known to be associated with a metabolic imbalance of the monoamines in extrapyramidal structures.

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Section: Eflect Of the Combinedinj~ction Of Harmaline Andsupporting

confidence: 70%

Opposite effect of harmaline on serotonin and on dopamine and its metabolites, homovanillic acid and norepinephrine, in the brain of the cat

Poirier¹,

Singh²,

Boucher³

1968

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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“…5 both large and small doses of hydrocortisone had the effect of reducing tolerance in adrenalectomized rats. According to Vogt (1954) the differences between the actions of hydrocortisone and cortisone are only quantitative, hydrocortisone being more active in most respects; of the two, the rat secretes mainly cortisone. It is strange therefore that cortisone failed to show any definite effect in Expt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of adrenalectomy on oxygen poisoning in the rat

Taylor¹

1958

The Journal of Physiology

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Until recent years little work seems to have been done to find out whether or not the adrenal glands are involved in the disturbances arising from exposure to oxygen under pressure. This seems all the more remarkable in view of the volume of work on 'stress' and the importance of the adrenal glands in determining the reactions of the body to it. Campbell (1937) increased the severity of toxic manifestations in rats by administering adrenaline. Bean (1951) discovered that repeated exposure of rats to oxygen under high pressure resulted in hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex. Brief reports of the earlier experiments in this paper have been given to the International Physiological Congress in Montreal, and to the Physiological Society (Taylor, 1953(Taylor, , 1954. While the work described below was in progress, both Bean and Gerschman and their colleagues published a considerable number of interesting papers on the subject; these are dealt with in the discussion. METHODSAnimals and diet. Hooded rats of the Rowett strain, from a colony kept in this laboratory and closed for some forty generations, were used in all experiments but two. In these two the reactions of this strain were compared with those of the eighth generation in descent from a wild black x albino mating. All animals were fed throughout on the stock diet which differs from that of Thomson (1936) only in that it contains 14%, not 7%, of skim milk. The animals were aged 3-5 months, and in any given experiment (apart from Expts. 1 and 7) they were of the same age. In Expt. 1 there was a considerable variation in age and Expt. 7 was designed to test the effect of age. In the light of later experiments the age variation may have had a slight influence on the results in Expt. 1, but insufficient to affect the general conclusions.Operation and post-operative maintenance. Bilateral adrenalectomy was carried out, under ether anaesthesia, through a central dorsal skin incision. From the day of operation the rats were given 0.9% NaCl solution to drink, except in Expt. 8. In other respects their maintenance did not differ from that of unoperated control animals.Exposure to oxygen under pressure. The details of exposure have been described (Taylor, 1956).Briefly, the animals were placed in the steel chamber which was then flushed with some 4001. 02.

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“…The adrenal glands are directly involved in metabolism (Vogt, 1954;De Silva and Wijesiriwardene, 2007). Despite the compensatory adaptations of the intact gland, it would be expected that the metabolic rate of unilaterally adrenalectomized rats will be reduced (Harvard Medical School, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In unilaterally adrenalectomized individuals, homeostatic changes may reflect not only in the endocrinology but also as somatic changes/adaptations. This is because the secretions of the adrenal glands (glucocorticoids, aldosterone and catecholamines) have long been known to be directly or indirectly implicated in the physiologic processes of metabolism and maintenance of homeostasis (Vogt, 1954;De Silva and Wijesiriwardene, 2007). Usually, changes in metabolism, either due to changes in nutritional patterns or in the endocrine system, especially the thyroid and the adrenals, are reflected as changes in the somatic weight of affected individuals (Farhana and Rehman, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal rectal temperatures and body weight as homeostatic indices in unilaterally adrenalectomized female Wistar rats

2023

JoSVAS

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There is growing interest in the investigation of the homeostatic adjustment of the remnant adrenal gland following unilateral adrenalectomy. This adjustment which is characterized by diverse physiological indices is critical to the survival of animals with unilateral adrenalectomy. This work studied the diurnal rectal temperature and body weight changes as physiologic indices for the evaluation of homeostasis in apparently healthy unilaterally adrenalectomized female Wistar rats. A total of twenty Wistar rats comprising ten adults (24 weeks) and ten growers (9 weeks) were used for this study. Each age class was randomly assigned into two groups of five rats each. The rats in one group from each age class were unilaterally adrenalectomized while the rats in the remaining groups were sham-operated (laparotomy only). The rats were weighed just before the surgery and at days 21 and 30 post-surgery. Also, from day 21 post-adrenalectomy, the morning and evening rectal temperatures were measured for 10 consecutive days. Body weight changes and the mean, maximum, minimum and ranges of morning and evening rectal temperatures were recorded. The results showed that after 21 days post-adrenalectomy, diurnal rectal temperature variations remained stable between 34.42±0.09 to 34.65±0.08 for the growers and 34.48±0.13 to 35.45±0.10 for the adults. Both adrenalectomized groups recorded increase in body weight. The increase in body weight of the adult adrenalectomized group occurred more within the first 21 days post-surgery (5.59±0.98 to 9.16±1.90) and stabilized by day 30 post-surgery (9.16±1.90 to 9.64±1.52). For the grower rats also, the unilaterally adrenalectomized rats showed a greater increase in weight gain (76.99±2.87) than their sham counterparts (control) (64.08±5.25) by day 30 post-adrenalectomy, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). We conclude that the result of this study has demonstrated that body weight changes could be a major homeostatic adjustment to unilateral adrenalectomy in rats.

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The Role of the Adrenal Gland in Homeostasis

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Opposite effect of harmaline on serotonin and on dopamine and its metabolites, homovanillic acid and norepinephrine, in the brain of the cat

Opposite effect of harmaline on serotonin and on dopamine and its metabolites, homovanillic acid and norepinephrine, in the brain of the cat

Effects of adrenalectomy on oxygen poisoning in the rat

Diurnal rectal temperatures and body weight as homeostatic indices in unilaterally adrenalectomized female Wistar rats

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