The role of the anterior pretectal nucleus in pain modulation: A comprehensive review

Genaro, Karina; Prado, Wiliam A.

doi:10.1111/ejn.15255

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 263 publications

(376 reference statements)

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“…Anterior pretectal nucleus inputs: APT is mainly involved in antinociception (Foster et al, 1989;Genaro and Prado, 2021) and is extensively connected, in addition to other structures, with pain and somatosensory related brainstem nuclei. In register with previous studies in rats (Bokor et al, 2005;Giber et al, 2008;Wanaverbecq et al, 2008), we show that APT axons are present across most of Po and leave dense clustered arborizations in the rostral region of the nucleus.…”

Section: Trigeminal Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combinatorial input landscape in the “higher-order relay” posterior thalamic nucleus

et al. 2022

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A large part of the thalamus is not directly involved in relaying ascending sensory inputs to the cerebral cortex. The functions and wiring of such "non-primary" nuclei remain unclear. The Posterior nucleus, a representative "non-primary" nucleus of the rodent thalamus, receives heavy and powerful inputs from cortical layer 5 (L5) cells. In addition, Po receives also some trigeminal, spinal and superior colliculus (SC) inputs, as well as powerful inhibitory inputs from the zona incerta (ZI) and anterior pretectal nucleus (APT). To elucidate to which extent these input systems converge or remain separate within Po, we first mapped the distribution of terminals immunolabeled for markers of glutamatergic or GABAergic neurotransmission and L5 terminals constitutively labeled in Rbp4-Cre;Ai14 mice. Besides, we retrogradely traced and quantified the sources of brain and spinal cord input reaching different Po regions. In addition, we compared bouton sizes in axons anterogradely labeled from the above input sources. Our data delineate several domains within Po, each dominated by specific sets of inputs. Cortical L5 afferents predominate in central and ventral Po. In contrast, large glutamatergic terminals from the trigeminal complex and spinal cord as well as GABAergic terminals from APT and ZI prevail in rostral and dorsal Po, and along the border with the ventral posteromedial nucleus. SC inputs preferentially target dorsal and caudal Po. These findings reveal multiple partly overlapping domains within Po. Hence, thalamic neuron subpopulations in different parts of Po may integrate diverse combinations of tactile, motor and pain-related inputs and give rise to functionally diverse thalamocortical subnetworks. Significance statementMany nuclei of the thalamus are not involved in relaying to cortex new information about the world or the body. The functions and wiring of such "non-primary" nuclei remain unclear. Here, we first mapped across the brain and spinal cord the origin of the input pathways reaching the Posterior nucleus, a typical non-primary relay nucleus.Then, we analyzed input distribution within the nucleus and, as a proxy for synaptic strength, the size of their axon terminals. We report a complex tridimensional mosaic of partly overlapping input-specific domains and significant bouton size differences. This wiring may allow diverse inputs to converge in graded combinatorial fashion onto thalamic cell subpopulations, hence giving rise to emergent computations and functionally diverse thalamocortical subnetworks.

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Section: Trigeminal Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combinatorial input landscape in the “higher-order relay” posterior thalamic nucleus

et al. 2022

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Single-neuron projectomes of mouse paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus oxytocin neurons reveal mutually exclusive projection patterns

Li,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Neuron

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Cerebral hemodynamics as biomarkers for neuropathic pain in rats: a longitudinal study using a spinal nerve ligation model

Jin,

Cho

2024

Pain

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Neuropathic pain is one of the most challenging types of pain to diagnose and treat, a problem exacerbated by the lack of a quantitative biomarker. Recently, several clinical and preclinical studies have shown that neuropathic pain induces cerebral hemodynamic changes as a result of neuroplasticity in the brain. Our hypothesis in this study is that neuropathic pain leads to cerebral hemodynamic changes over postoperative time in a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rat model, which has not been longitudinally explored previously. Furthermore, by identifying multiple regional hemodynamic features that are the most distinct between SNL and sham groups, where the sham group underwent only an incision without SNL, it may be possible to classify the SNL group regardless of when the onset of pain occurs. We investigate cerebral hemodynamic changes using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging in a rat model up to 28 days after ligating L5/L6 spinal nerves. We trained a linear support vector machine with relative cerebral blood volume data from different brain regions and found that the prediction model trained on the nucleus accumbens, motor cortex, pretectal area, and thalamus classified the SNL group and sham group at a 79.27% balanced accuracy, regardless of when the onset of pain occurred (SNL/sham: 60/45 data points). From the use of the SNL model without prior knowledge of the onset time of pain, the current findings highlight the potential of relative cerebral blood volume in the 4 highlighted brain regions as a biomarker for neuropathic pain.

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The role of the anterior pretectal nucleus in pain modulation: A comprehensive review

Cited by 6 publications

References 263 publications

A combinatorial input landscape in the “higher-order relay” posterior thalamic nucleus

A combinatorial input landscape in the “higher-order relay” posterior thalamic nucleus

Single-neuron projectomes of mouse paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus oxytocin neurons reveal mutually exclusive projection patterns

Cerebral hemodynamics as biomarkers for neuropathic pain in rats: a longitudinal study using a spinal nerve ligation model

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