The role of the anterior hypothalamus in affective defense behavior elicited from the ventromedial hypothalamus of the cat

Capturing and Manipulating Activated Neuronal Ensembles with CANE Delineates a Hypothalamic Social-Fear Circuit

“…All previous electrical or optogenetic stimulation experiments in various mammalian species showed that activation of VMHvl elicits aggressive behavior (Fuchs et al, 1985; Kruk et al, 1983; Lammers et al, 1988; Lee et al, 2014; Lin et al, 2011). Here we found that less than 3 percent of VMHvl neurons (9442 ± 277 neurons total; n = 4) are Fos+ SFNs.…”

“…Prior conclusions that VMHvl is a locus for aggression were based on the fact that ablating progesterone receptor expressing neurons in VMHvl significantly reduced male aggression (Yang et al 2013), while electrically activating VMHvl or optogenetically stimulating Esr1+ VMHvl neurons elicits aggression or mounting behaviors (Fuchs et al, 1985; Kruk et al, 1983; Lammers et al, 1988; Lee et al, 2014; Lin et al, 2011). Here, using CANE-capturing and Fos staining in four different behavioral combinations (fear-fear, aggression-aggression, fear-aggression, aggression-fear), we showed that the social aggression and social fear ensembles in VMHvl are composed of largely non-overlapping pools of neurons.…”

Mapping of somatostatin-28 (1–12) in the alpaca diencephalon

“…This widespread distribution indicates that somatostatin-28 (1-12) could be involved in many physiological functions in the alpaca diencephalon. The diencephalic distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12)-immunoreactive structures described here in the alpaca diencephalon suggests that the peptide would be involved in feeding, sexual activity, vigilance and attentive and affective defence behaviours, homeostasis, thermogenesis, circadian rhymths and in neuroendocrine, visual and stress mechanisms (Bouyer et al, 1992;Coveñ as et al, 1993;Fuchs et al, 1985;Pickard, 1985;Preston et al, 1989;Sheward et al, 1984). Future studies should focus on such possible functions.…”

Context and Animal Behavior III: The Relationship Between Early Development and Evolutionary Persistence of Ground Squirrel Antisnake Behavior

“…The compartment width was employed as a scale reference for all time-sampled measures and the percentage scores were transformed into arcsine values for statistical analyses. (b) Tail piloerection was used as an i'ndex of sympathetic nervous system arousal (Fuchs, Edinger, & Siegel, 1985;Siegel & Skog, 1970). Maximum tail width was measured from individual video still fields at 10-sec intervals when the squirrel's head was within a 56-cm radius of the compartment's center.…”