The Role of the Bacterial Flagellum in Adhesion and Virulence

Haiko, Johanna; Westerlund-Wikström, Benita

doi:10.3390/biology2041242

Cited by 454 publications

(382 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Flagella organelles may act as virulence factors because motility is crucial for the action of pathogenic bacteria (5,6). About 25 different proteins are involved in the assembly of the flagellum, which is divided into five parts: the basal body, hook, hook-filament junction, filament, and filament cap.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition and targeting mechanisms by chaperones in flagellum assembly and operation

Khanra

Rossi

Economou

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The flagellum is a complex bacterial nanomachine that requires the proper assembly of several different proteins for its function. Dedicated chaperones are central in preventing aggregation or undesired interactions of flagellar proteins, including their targeting to the export gate. FliT is a key flagellar chaperone that binds to several flagellar proteins in the cytoplasm, including its cognate filament-capping protein FliD. We have determined the solution structure of the FliT chaperone in the free state and in complex with FliD and the flagellar ATPase FliI. FliT adopts a four-helix bundle and uses a hydrophobic surface formed by the first three helices to recognize its substrate proteins. We show that the fourth helix constitutes the binding site for FlhA, a membrane protein at the export gate. In the absence of a substrate protein FliT adopts an autoinhibited structure wherein both the binding sites for substrates and FlhA are occluded. Substrate binding to FliT activates the complex for FlhA binding and thus targeting of the chaperone-substrate complex to the export gate. The activation and targeting mechanisms reported for FliT appear to be shared among the other flagellar chaperones.flagellum | chaperones | assembly factors | NMR spectroscopy | type III secretion

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition and targeting mechanisms by chaperones in flagellum assembly and operation

Khanra

Rossi

Economou

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Indeed, studies support that flagellum is important for biofilm formation in PAO1 as a non-motile strain (carrying a mutation in flgK -hook-filament junctional protein) fails to swim and to attach onto PVC surfaces [22,26]; the authors concluded to a role of PAO1 flagella in cell-to-surface interactions in the initial stages of biofilm formation. Besides, PAO1 flagellum components, such as the flagellar cap protein FliD and flagellinFliC, are important for adhesion since ∆fliCand ∆fliDmutants do not bind biotic surface such as human airway mucins [27]. Thus, the functional characterization of PAO1 flagellum may be a credible starting point to elucidate the inhibition of biofilm formation induced by F1 and therefore deserves further exploration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Active Fraction from DalbergiaTrichocarpa Baker Disrupts the Formation and Maintenance of Biofilms in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PAO1

Rasamiravaka¹,

Labtani²,

Mol³

et al. 2016

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering

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Abstract:The bark of Dalbergiatrichocapra Baker is traditionally used in Madagascar as an anti-infective remedy. Beyond the recently known anti-quorum sensing (QS) properties of the D. trichocarpabark n-hexane extract, QSindependent anti-infective activities have been also detected. Indeed, chromatographic fractionation allowed the elution of fraction F1 that affects neither bacterial growth nor the expression of QS-related genes (lasB and rhlA) but significantly reduces the formation of biofilm (55.8 ± 2.3%, as compared to control conditions). Moreover,F1 is able to disrupt the structure of one-day old preformed biofilms, which consequently increases the effectiveness of an antibiotic, levofloxacin, on biofilm-encapsulated bacteria (dead bacteria in presence of levofloxacin-F1 were two-fold higher compared to levofloxacin alone). This F1-triggered disruption of biofilm formation is presumably due to an induced reduction in flagellar-dependent motilities (swimming and swarming) as well as in exopolysaccharides production. The inhibitory effect on biofilm appears reversible as the biofilm formation resumes when F1 is discarded from the culture medium. This interesting non-bactericidal mechanism of action may justify the traditional uses of D. trichocarpa in Malagasy medicine. Further work aims at identifying the compound(s) responsible for this biofilm disruption.

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“…These EN present flagella made of flagellin, which are proteins identified as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and recognized by receptor Toll-like 5 (TLR5) (Hayashi et al, 2001;Yoon et al, 2012). TLR5 are expressed on intestinal epithelial cells and tissue macrophages, leading to the activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β (Haiko & Westerlund, 2013;Keestra et al, 2013). The observed increase in IL-1β may have also been the result of stimulation by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) present in those EN genera.…”

Section: Influence Of Covering Reused Broiler Litter With Plastic Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Covering Reused Broiler Litter with Plastic Canvas on Litter Characteristics and Bacteriology and the Subsequent Immunity and Microbiology of Broilers

Mesa

Lourenço

Souza

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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In broiler production, the litter is reused for consecutives flocks, and it is treated during down time between flocks to reduce its microbial load. Although covering the litter with a plastic canvas is a common litter treatment in the field, there is little scientific information available on its efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of covering broiler litter with a plastic canvas for eight days on litter microbiological, physical, and chemical parameters, and on the intestinal microbiota and immunity of broilers. In the first trial, reused litter from a previous flock was distributed into three treatments, with six replicates each: L1 (negative control, litter free from Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Eimeria maxima (EM) and not covered), L2 (positive control, litter with SE and EM, and not covered), and L3 (litter with SE and EM, and covered with plastic canvas for eight days). Litter total bacteria, Enterobacteria, Lactobacillus, SE, and EM counts, and litter pH, temperature, moisture, and ammonia emission were determined on days 1 and 8. In the second trial, broilers were housed on those litters according to the treatments described above, and their intestinal microbiota, gut CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and macrophages, and liver and intestinal proinflammatory interleukin (IFN-γ, IL-1β e IL-18) levels were evaluated on days 14 and 28. A significant reduction of litter bacterial populations was observed in the litter covered with plastic canvas. A significantly higher mRNA IFN-γ gene expression (12.5-fold) was observed in the jejunum and liver of broilers reared on the litter with Enterobacteria counts. No EM reduction was observed in the covered litter. Covering reused broiler litter with plastic canvas reduces initial litter bacterial load as a result of the interaction between physical and chemical parameters.

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The Role of the Bacterial Flagellum in Adhesion and Virulence

Cited by 454 publications

References 100 publications

Recognition and targeting mechanisms by chaperones in flagellum assembly and operation

Recognition and targeting mechanisms by chaperones in flagellum assembly and operation

An Active Fraction from DalbergiaTrichocarpa Baker Disrupts the Formation and Maintenance of Biofilms in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PAO1

Influence of Covering Reused Broiler Litter with Plastic Canvas on Litter Characteristics and Bacteriology and the Subsequent Immunity and Microbiology of Broilers

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