The Role of the Cortical Membrane in Cell Mechanics: Model and Simulation

Foucard, Louis; Espinet, Xavier; Benet, Eduard

doi:10.1002/9781118402955.ch13

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Viscoelasticity in highly deformable shells is often ap-proached from the perspective of fluid-like thin films in which the shell or membrane is modeled using a creeping flow [18]. This is the case of thin viscous sheets such as syrup [19], but the same approach is also used in the broader context of biomembranes [20][21][22][23] due to their faster relaxation times with respect to other simultaneous processes [24][25][26]. Regarding solid-like materials such as polymers [27], researchers have relied on coupling shell theory with known constitutive equations for viscoelasticity such as the standard linear solid [28], K-BKZ [29], Christensen [30,31], or CBT [32] models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of elastic instabilities and viscoelasticity in the finite deformation of thin membranes

2019

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Pneumatic structures and actuators are found in a variety of natural and engineered systems such as dielectric actuators, soft robots, plants and fungi cells, or even the vocal sac of frogs. These structures are often subjected to mechanical instabilities arising from the thinning of their crosssection and that may be harvested to perform mechanical work at a low energetic cost. While most of our understanding of this unstable behavior is for purely elastic membranes, real materials including lipid bilayers, elastomers, and connective tissues typically display a time-dependent viscoelastic response. This paper thus explores the role of viscous effects on the nature of this elastic instability when such membranes are dynamically inflated. For this, we first introduce an extension of the transient network theory (TNT) to describe the finite strain viscoelastic response of membranes; enabling an elegant formulation while keeping a close connection with the dynamics of the underlying polymer network. We then combine experiments and simulations to analyze the viscoelastic behavior of an inflated blister made of a commercial adhesive tape (VHB 4905). Our results show that the viscous component induces a rich spectrum of behaviors bounded by two well-known elastic solutions corresponding to very high and very low inflation rates. We also show that membrane relaxation may induce unwanted buckling when it is subjected to cyclic inflations at certain frequencies. These results have clear implications for the inflation and mechanical work performed by time-dependent pneumatic structures and instability-based actuators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of elastic instabilities and viscoelasticity in the finite deformation of thin membranes

2019

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“…The challenge in answering this question is the existence of two disparate length-scales: the macroscale (or Darcy scale) and microscale (or pore scale), both of which play distinct, but yet critical roles in particle transport. At the pore scale, models have been developed to elucidate the relation between particle mechanics [13][14][15][16][17] and motion [18][19][20][21][22] for different types of particles and flow conditions. Such relations typically characterize the entry of particle with various size, shape, structure, and adhesion properties [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] in narrow constrictions such as the nozzle of micropipettes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical instability and percolation of deformable particles through porous networks

et al. 2018

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The transport of micron-sized particles such as bacteria, cells, or synthetic lipid vesicles through porous spaces is a process relevant to drug delivery, separation systems, or sensors, to cite a few examples. Often, the motion of these particles depends on their ability to squeeze through small constrictions, making their capacity to deform an important factor for their permeation. However, it is still unclear how the mechanical behavior of these particles affects collective transport through porous networks. To address this issue, we present a method to reconcile the pore-scale mechanics of the particles with the Darcy scale to understand the motion of a deformable particle through a porous network. We first show that particle transport is governed by a mechanical instability occurring at the pore scale, which leads to a binary permeation response on each pore. Then, using the principles of directed bond percolation, we are able to link this microscopic behavior to the probability of permeating through a random porous network. We show that this instability, together with network uniformity, are key to understanding the nonlinear permeation of particles at a given pressure gradient. The results are then summarized by a phase diagram that predicts three distinct permeation regimes based on particle properties and the randomness of the pore network.

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“…Thus, increasing confinement in an already confined environment decreases migration speed by forcing the cell to constantly change direction and may even prevent locomotion if the cell is not sufficiently deformable to squeeze through the pores. The effect of confinement on ameboid migration was also explored with a computational model for the initiation, growth, and retraction of a surface bleb resulting from the dissociation of the actin cortex . Limiting their study to locomotion in a straight channel, Lim et al showed that in this case, adhesion was not necessary for locomotion and that confinement by a microchannel, if not too strong, could increase cell speed.…”

Section: Cell Migration In Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of confinement on ameboid migration was also explored with a computational model for the initiation, growth, and retraction of a surface bleb resulting from the dissociation of the actin cortex. 328 Limiting their study to locomotion in a straight channel, Lim et al 329 showed that in this case, adhesion was not necessary for locomotion and that confinement by a microchannel, if not too strong, could increase cell speed. Similar results were found when studying the locomotion of hydrogel particles in confined channels.…”

Section: Cell Migration In Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of 3D Cell–Hydrogel Interactions: Experiments, Models, and Mechanisms

et al. 2021

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Hydrogels are highly water-swollen molecular networks that are ideal platforms to create tissue mimetics owing to their vast and tunable properties. As such, hydrogels are promising cell-delivery vehicles for applications in tissue engineering and have also emerged as an important base for ex vivo models to study healthy and pathophysiological events in a carefully controlled three-dimensional environment. Cells are readily encapsulated in hydrogels resulting in a plethora of biochemical and mechanical communication mechanisms, which recapitulates the natural cell and extracellular matrix interaction in tissues. These interactions are complex, with multiple events that are invariably coupled and spanning multiple length and time scales. To study and identify the underlying mechanisms involved, an integrated experimental and computational approach is ideally needed. This review discusses the state of our knowledge on cell−hydrogel interactions, with a focus on mechanics and transport, and in this context, highlights recent advancements in experiments, mathematical and computational modeling. The review begins with a background on the thermodynamics and physics fundamentals that govern hydrogel mechanics and transport. The review focuses on two main classes of hydrogels, described as semiflexible polymer networks that represent physically cross-linked fibrous hydrogels and flexible polymer networks representing the chemically cross-linked synthetic and natural hydrogels. In this review, we highlight five main cell− hydrogel interactions that involve key cellular functions related to communication, mechanosensing, migration, growth, and tissue deposition and elaboration. For each of these cellular functions, recent experiments and the most up to date modeling strategies are discussed and then followed by a summary of how to tune hydrogel properties to achieve a desired functional cellular outcome. We conclude with a summary linking these advancements and make the case for the need to integrate experiments and modeling to advance our fundamental understanding of cell−matrix interactions that will ultimately help identify new therapeutic approaches and enable successful tissue engineering.

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The Role of the Cortical Membrane in Cell Mechanics: Model and Simulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Interplay of elastic instabilities and viscoelasticity in the finite deformation of thin membranes

Interplay of elastic instabilities and viscoelasticity in the finite deformation of thin membranes

Mechanical instability and percolation of deformable particles through porous networks

Mechanics of 3D Cell–Hydrogel Interactions: Experiments, Models, and Mechanisms

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