The role of the cytokines IL-27 and IL-35 in cancer

Abstract

The cancer-immune interaction is a fast growing field of research in biology, where the goal is to harness the immune system to fight cancer more effectively. In the present paper we review recent work of the interaction between T cells and cancer. CD8+ T cells are activated by IL-27 cytokine and they kill tumor cells. Regulatory T cells produce IL-35 which promotes cancer cells by enhancing angiogenesis, and inhibit CD8+ T cells via TGF-β production. Hence injections of IL-27 and anti-IL-35 are both potentially anti-tumor drugs. The models presented here are based on experimental mouse experiments, and their simulations agree with these experiments. The models are used to suggest effective schedules for drug treatment.

Diminished circulating concentration of interleukin‐35 in Helicobacter pylori‐infected patients with peptic ulcer: Its association with FOXP3 gene polymorphism, bacterial virulence factor CagA, and gender of patients

“…There is no study regarding the relationship between IL‐35 and H. pylori infection. However, elevated levels of IL‐35 were reported in patients with hepatitis B virus infection, especially in those with higher viral load, in patients with active tuberculosis, in patients with leprosy, and in patients with malignant diseases . Furthermore, circulating levels of IL‐35 are aberrant in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), allergic asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, periodontitis, and coronary artery diseases …”

Upregulated <b><i>EBI3</i></b> Correlates with Poor Outcome and Tumor Progression in Breast Cancer

“…Thus, the immunerelated cytokines are considered as crucial molecules during tumor development. IL-27 and IL-35 are 2 important members of the cytokine family and have been investigated in diverse cancers [21]. As a gene coding for a component of both IL-27 and IL-35, elevated EBI3 expression has been detected in lung cancer and was described as a potential biomarker for use in targeted therapy [18].…”

Serum Interleukin-27 Level in Different Clinical Stages of Lung Cancer

“…It has recently been found that IL-27 produces strong antitumor effects against different tumour models through a variety of mechanisms in various cancer cell lines and in vitro, not only by exerting direct effects on the tumor cells but also by activating anti-tumor immune responses [20], including IL-27 antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects-mediated activities and activation of natural killer (NK) cells antimetastatic activities [21].…”

“…In this regard, due to the non-toxicity of IL-27 in previous clinical studies and the discovery of its anticancer properties in other examined tumours [20], the present study investigated the use of IL-27 as an approach to the diagnosis of lung cancer. This study is also the first one to examine the association between IL-27 concentration and lung cancer according to the type of tumour.…”