The role of the eyes in processing an intact face and its scrambled image: A dense array ERP and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) study

Cecchini, Marco; Aceto, Paola; Altavilla, Daniela; Palumbo, Letizia; Lai, Carlo

doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.797020

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In contrast to former studies, we did not find any differences in N170 latency or amplitude between adolescents with and without ASD [42]. Although the N170 was right-lateralized in both groups as previously reported [17, 39], it is worthy to note that most studies employ natural faces and previous research suggests that intact natural faces and eyes result in greater and faster N170 responses [60], and schematic face stimuli might induce weaker neural responses [19]. The composition of Mooney stimuli mainly comprises black and white parts that create a 3D shape of a face [26].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Neurophysiological correlates of holistic face processing in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder

Naumann

Senftleben

Santhosh

et al. 2018

J Neurodevelop Disord

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BackgroundFace processing has been found to be impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One hypothesis is that individuals with ASD engage in piecemeal compared to holistic face processing strategies. To investigate the role of possible impairments in holistic face processing in individuals with autism, the current study investigated behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of face processing (P1/N170 and gamma-band activity) in adolescents with ASD and sex-, age-, and IQ-matched neurotypical controls.MethodsParticipants were presented with upright and inverted Mooney stimuli; black and white low information faces that are only perceived as faces when processed holistically. Participants indicated behaviorally the detection of a face. EEG was collected time-locked to the presentation of the stimuli.ResultsAdolescents with ASD perceived Mooney stimuli as faces suggesting ability to use holistic processing but displayed a lower face detection rate and slower response times. ERP components suggest slowed temporal processing of Mooney stimuli in the ASD compared to control group for P1 latency but no differences between groups for P1 amplitude and at the N170. Increases in gamma-band activity was similar during the perception of the Mooney images by group, but the ASD group showed prolonged temporal elevation in activity.ConclusionOverall, our results suggest that adolescents with ASD were able to utilize holistic processing to perceive a face within the Mooney stimuli. Delays in early processing, marked by the P1, and elongated elevation in gamma activity indicate that the neural systems supporting holistic processing are slightly altered suggesting a less automatic and less efficient facial processing system.Trial registrationNon-applicable.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s11689-018-9244-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Neurophysiological correlates of holistic face processing in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder

Naumann

Senftleben

Santhosh

et al. 2018

J Neurodevelop Disord

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“…These findings suggest that face representations might significantly favour information around the eyes. The social importance of the eyes in a face context is indicated by the finding that the eyes are specifically informative when comprehending the nonverbal intentions of others, but only if inserted in an intact face [Cecchini et al 2013]. To preview our findings, eyes were more influential than any other face part for visual realism.…”

Section: Perception Of Eye Regionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Human Perception of Visual Realism for Photo and Computer-Generated Face Images

Wang

Tan

et al. 2014

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

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Computer-generated (CG) face images are common in video games, advertisements, and other media. CG faces vary in their degree of realism, a factor that impacts viewer reactions. Therefore, efficient control of visual realism of face images is important. Efficient control is enabled by a deep understanding of visual realism perception: the extent to which viewers judge an image as a real photograph rather than a CG image. Across two experiments, we explored the processes involved in visual realism perception of face images. In Experiment 1, participants made visual realism judgments on original face images, inverted face images, and images of faces that had the top and bottom halves misaligned. In Experiment 2, participants made visual realism judgments on original face images, scrambled faces, and images that showed different parts of faces. Our findings indicate that both holistic and piecemeal processing are involved in visual realism perception of faces, with holistic processing becoming more dominant when resolution is lower. Our results also suggest that shading information is more important than color for holistic processing, and that inversion makes visual realism judgments harder for realistic images but not for unrealistic images. Furthermore, we found that eyes are the most influential face part for visual realism, and face context is critical for evaluating realism of face parts. To the best of our knowledge, this work is a first realism-centric study attempting to bridge the human perception of visual realism on face images with general face perception tasks.

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“…Accordingly, Haxby et al (2000) reported that the superior temporal sulcus processes individual facial features, including the changeable aspects of faces and the perception of eye gaze. Moreover, Cecchini et al (2013) demonstrated that the left middle temporal gyrus (BA21) exhibits enhanced activation in response to eyes in an intact face condition than to eyes in a scrambled face condition. The results of the present study, in conjunction with the aforementioned findings, indicate that the role of the eyes in facial perception should be investigated with regard to other ERP components or using additional neuroimaging techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Cosmetics Exert a Greater Influence on Processing of the Mouth Relative to the Eyes: Evidence from the N170 Event-Related Potential Component

Tanaka

2016

Front. Psychol.

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Cosmetic makeup significantly influences facial perception. Because faces consist of similar physical structures, cosmetic makeup is typically used to highlight individual features, particularly those of the eyes (i.e., eye shadow) and mouth (i.e., lipstick). Though event-related potentials have been utilized to study various aspects of facial processing, the influence of cosmetics on specific ERP components remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the application of cosmetic makeup and the amplitudes of the P1 and N170 event-related potential components during facial perception tasks. Moreover, the influence of visual perception on N170 amplitude, was evaluated under three makeup conditions: Eye Shadow, Lipstick, and No Makeup. Electroencephalography was used to monitor 17 participants who were exposed to visual stimuli under each these three makeup conditions. The results of the present study subsequently demonstrated that the Lipstick condition elicited a significantly greater N170 amplitude than the No Makeup condition, while P1 amplitude was unaffected by any of the conditions. Such findings indicate that the application of cosmetic makeup alters general facial perception but exerts no influence on the perception of low-level visual features. Collectively, these results support the notion that the application of makeup induces subtle alterations in the processing of facial stimuli, with a particular effect on the processing of specific facial components (i.e., the mouth), as reflected by changes in N170 amplitude.

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The role of the eyes in processing an intact face and its scrambled image: A dense array ERP and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) study

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

Neurophysiological correlates of holistic face processing in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder

Neurophysiological correlates of holistic face processing in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder

Human Perception of Visual Realism for Photo and Computer-Generated Face Images

Facial Cosmetics Exert a Greater Influence on Processing of the Mouth Relative to the Eyes: Evidence from the N170 Event-Related Potential Component

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