The role of the gut microbiome in systemic inflammatory disease

Abstract

The role of the gut microbiome in models of inflammatory and autoimmune disease is now well characterized. Renewed interest in the human microbiome and its metabolites, as well as notable advances in host mucosal immunology, has opened multiple avenues of research to potentially modulate inflammatory responses. The complexity and interdependence of these diet-microbe-metabolite-host interactions are rapidly being unraveled. Importantly, most of the progress in the field comes from new knowledge about the functional properties of these microorganisms in physiology and their effect in mucosal immunity and distal inflammation. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical evidence on how dietary, probiotic, prebiotic, and microbiome based therapeutics affect our understanding of wellness and disease, particularly in autoimmunity.

Camellia sinensis and Litsea coreana Ameliorate Intestinal Inflammation and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis Mice

“…Faecalibaculum and Odoribacter belong to butyrate-producing bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties and significantly decrease in IBD patients. [39,50] In our study, the DSS-induced decrease in relative abundance of Faecalibaculum was significantly attenuated in the DTE-treatment group, meanwhile the relative abundance was not significantly different from that of health group ( Figure 2L). Interestingly, the abundance of Odoribacter was not significantly altered in the DSS group compared with that in health group but was significantly increased in the HTE group, and to a lesser extent, the GTE, WTE, YTE, and OTE groups ( Figure 2M).…”

“…SCFAs, the main products of gut microbiota, are capable of maintaining colonic health by attenuating inflammation and intestinal integrity. Faecalibaculum and Odoribacter belong to butyrate‐producing bacteria with anti‐inflammatory properties and significantly decrease in IBD patients . In our study, the DSS‐induced decrease in relative abundance of Faecalibaculum was significantly attenuated in the DTE‐treatment group, meanwhile the relative abundance was not significantly different from that of health group (Figure 2L).…”

Interactions of the microbiota with the mucosal immune system

“…The state of the microbiota was linked to profound differences in a range of diseases and pathologies, both in the intestine and other mucosal tissues, but also systemically. 1 Perhaps most notably, the discovery that segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) had a major impact on the abundance of the then-newly discovered T helper type 17 (Th17) cell subset in the intestinal mucosa 2 proved to be a decisive turning point. Immunologists in general, but especially those of us studying the mucosal immune system, came to recognize the impact that differences in microbiota could have in experimental systems.…”

“…However, very quickly, a series of technical and scientific advances brought the complexity and importance of microbial communities to the forefront of immunological research. The state of the microbiota was linked to profound differences in a range of diseases and pathologies, both in the intestine and other mucosal tissues, but also systemically . Perhaps most notably, the discovery that segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) had a major impact on the abundance of the then‐newly discovered T helper type 17 (Th17) cell subset in the intestinal mucosa proved to be a decisive turning point.…”

Efficient engineered probiotics using synthetic biology approaches: A review

“…In ancient times, conventional medicine or home remedies were used to treat different diseases. However, recent studies on these treatments and conditions have provided an insight that influenced the connection between microbe and host due to the supplementation of probiotics used in home remedies . LAB is one of the most commonly used candidates of such studies.…”