The role of the microbiota in sedentary lifestyle disorders and ageing: lessons from the animal kingdom

Abstract

A paradox of so‐called developed countries is that, as the major historical causes of human mortality are eliminated or mitigated by medical progress, lifestyle‐related diseases have become major killers. Furthermore, as lifespan is extended by the combined effects of modern medicine, health span is struggling to keep apace because of the burden of noncommunicable diseases linked to diet and sedentary lifestyle. The gut microbiome is now recognized as a plastic environmental risk factor for many of these diseases, the microbiome being defined as the complex community of co‐evolved commensal microbes that breaks down components of a complex diet, modulates innate immunity, and produces signalling molecules and metabolites that can impact on diverse regulatory systems in mammals. Aspects of the so‐called ‘Western’ lifestyle linked to disease risk such as energy dense diet and antibiotic treatment are known to affect the composition and function of the microbiome. Here, we review the detailed mechanisms whereby the gut microbiome may modulate risk of diseases linked to sedentary lifestyle and ageing‐related health loss. We focus on the comparative value of natural animal models such as hibernation for studying metabolic regulation and the challenge of extrapolating from animal models to processes that occur in human ageing.

Apitherapy for Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction (Sarcopenia): A Review on the Effects of Royal Jelly, Propolis, and Bee Pollen

“…Research indicates that muscle wasting may develop after adolescence (at the beginning of the third decade of life) as a result of sedentary lifestyle and improper diet (low protein/high fat/low fiber) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. These behavioral factors alter the composition of gut microbiota promoting gut dysbiosis, which allows the passage of bacterial endotoxins into the systemic circulation to induce inflammation and oxidative stress same as in immunological aging that occurs during old age [ 9 , 10 ].…”

COVID-19: A pandemic that threatens physical and mental health by promoting physical inactivity

“…On one hand, sedentary life-style may affect mental health by reshaping the structure of resident gut microflora, 4 , 15 which drastically shift to obesogenic colonization patterns resulting in increased production of inflammation markers and free radicals, 7 which play a major role in the development of mental disorders (e.g., depression) as well as physical disorders (e.g., insulin resistance and obesity), which are further associated with negative mood states. 6 , 16 , 17 , 18 Results of high-throughput sequencing of 16s rRNA gene uncover significant differences in 11 gut genera between sedentary and active women. The latter express higher abundance of bacterial species that promote healthy functioning of the host such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Akkermansia muciniphila , which correlate with key indices of body composition such as body fat percentage and muscle mass.…”

Klotho, Aging, and the Failing Kidney

“…These features are inherent in an associated "diseasome of aging, " where dysregulated aging processes are a common underpinning feature of individual morbidities. These reflect an individual's "burden of lifestyle" and the generation of allostatic (over)load at a molecular and cellular level, with concomitant loss of physiological resilience and capability (34,35). It is within this framework that phosphate makes a significant contribution and why its interaction with Klotho is important.…”

“…The gut microbiota has emerged as a significant contributory factor to age related health [reviewed in (35)], where it appears to have a significant effect on the epigenetic landscape of aging. An understanding of any relationship between the gut microbiota and Klotho remains embryonic.…”