The role of the minor substitutions in the crystal structure of natural challacolloite, KPb2Cl5, and hephaistosite, TlPb2Cl5, from Vulcano (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy)

Balićžunićite, Bi2O(SO4)2, a new fumarole mineral from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy

“…At Vulcano the deposition of sulfides and sulfosalts is due to a sublimate formation under high-temperature reducing conditions, as was also identified by thermodynamic modelling (Cheynet et al, 2000). Hence, from 1990 onwards, galena, cannizzarite, wittite, galenobismutite, bismuthinite, lillianite, heyrovskýite, kirkiite, mozgovaite and vurroite (Garavelli et al,1997;Borodaev et al, 1998Borodaev et al, , 2000Borodaev et al, , 2001Borodaev et al, , 2003Vurro et al, 1999;Garavelli et al, 2005;Pinto et al, 2006aPinto et al, ,b,c, 2008Pinto et al, , 2011Mitolo et al, 2009Mitolo et al, , 2011 were the main sublimate minerals from the hightemperature Vulcano fumaroles (T >450ºC) and Pb and Bi were the major metals contributing to the high-temperature sublimate formation. The abundance of these elements was related to the magmatic component of the mixing feeding the fluids emitted from La Fossa crater fumaroles, as well as to their presence in lavas through which the high-temperature and reactive fumarole fluids made their way to the surface (Garavelli, 1994;Ferrara et al, 1995).…”

Le Fumarole Di Vulcano (Eolie): Un Laboratorio Chimico Naturale

“…In relazione a quanto si è detto sopra per i minerali non solforati di tallio, che assomigliano ai composti di metalli alcalini, la struttura della lafossaite è simile a quella del cloruro di cesio e del cloruro d'ammonio; per l'hephaistosite si ha una notevole somiglianza (probabilmente isomorfismo) con il corrispondente termine di potassio KPb 2 Cl 5 o challacolloite (MITOLO et al, 2009). Esistono anche relazioni, per quanto non così strette, tra la steropesite Tl 3 BiCl 6 ed i cloruri (sintetici) di cesio e bismuto, od anche di cesio, potassio e bismuto Cs 3 BiCl 6 e CsK 2 BiCl 6 (DEMARTIN et al, 2009), che si possono a loro volta considerare come veri e propri complessi (esaclorobismutati).…”

Thermessaite-(NH4), (NH4)2AlF3(SO4), a new fumarole mineral from La Fossa crater at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy

“…The last thermal crisis, which started at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy in 1988 and reached a maximum in 1993, was characterised by an intense deposition of interesting and rare sublimate minerals. With the aim of investigating the correlation between the deposition of the mineralogical phases and the fumarole temperature, composition of the gas phase and the volcanic activity, our team began a systematic mineralogical investigation, which since 1994, has led to the discovery of a large variety of rare phases and new minerals (Garavelli, 1994; Garavelli and Vurro, 1994; Ferrara et al , 1995; Coradossi et al , 1996; Borodaev et al , 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003; Vurro et al , 1999; Cheynet et al , 2000; Garavelli et al , 1997, 2003, 2005, 2013, 2014; Pinto et al , 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2015a, 2015b; Mitolo et al , 2009, 2011, 2013; Balić-Žunić et al , 2016, 2018 a , 2018 b ). The abundance and variety of minerals described for La Fossa crater fumaroles attracted worldwide interest in the mineralogy of the area.…”