The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in cognition and behavior

Jonker, Frank A.; Jonker, Cees; Scheltens, Philip; Scherder, E.J.A.

doi:10.1515/revneuro-2014-0043

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Frontal and cingulate areas have been implicated in various complex aspects of social cognition, social reward, social perception and social behaviour ( Jonker et al, 2015 ; Apps et al, 2013 ). Metabolic changes within the medial prefrontal cortex and the cingulate cortex are correlated with social interaction impairments in childhood ASD ( Ohnishi et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism

Sperdin

Coito

Kojovic

et al. 2018

eLife

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Social impairments are a hallmark of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but empirical evidence for early brain network alterations in response to social stimuli is scant in ASD. We recorded the gaze patterns and brain activity of toddlers with ASD and their typically developing peers while they explored dynamic social scenes. Directed functional connectivity analyses based on electrical source imaging revealed frequency specific network atypicalities in the theta and alpha frequency bands, manifesting as alterations in both the driving and the connections from key nodes of the social brain associated with autism. Analyses of brain-behavioural relationships within the ASD group suggested that compensatory mechanisms from dorsomedial frontal, inferior temporal and insular cortical regions were associated with less atypical gaze patterns and lower clinical impairment. Our results provide strong evidence that directed functional connectivity alterations of social brain networks is a core component of atypical brain development at early stages of ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism

Sperdin

Coito

Kojovic

et al. 2018

eLife

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“…We found increased activity from nodes of the orbital and medial parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate cortex in the toddlers and preschoolers with ASD. Both areas have been implicated in various complex aspects of social cognition, social reward, social perception and social behaviour (Jonker et al, 2015;Apps et al, 2013). Metabolic changes within the medial prefrontal cortex and the cingulate cortex are correlated with social interaction impairments in childhood ASD (Ohnishi et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism

Sperdin

Coito

Kojovic

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Social impairments are a hallmark of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but empirical evidence for early brain network alterations in response to social stimuli is scant in ASD. Here, we recorded the gaze patterns and brain activity of toddlers and preschoolers with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers while they explored dynamic social scenes. Sourcespace directed functional connectivity analyses revealed the presence of network alterations in the theta frequency band, manifesting as increased driving (hyper-activity) and stronger connections (hyper-connectivity) from key nodes of the social brain associated with autism. Further analyses of brain-behavioural relationships within the ASD group suggested that compensatory mechanisms from dorsomedial frontal, inferior temporal and insular cortical regions were associated with lower clinical impairment and less atypical gaze patterns. Our results provide strong evidence that directed functional connectivity alterations of social brain networks is a core component of atypical brain development at early stages of ASD.

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“…The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a capacious shelf of gray matter, occupying the entire ventral surface of the frontal lobes, and containing a diverse array of cytoarchitectonic regions whose membership and borders are still a subject of debate among neuroanatomists. As for the functions of these regions, several parallel literatures have developed, each focusing on different hypothetical functions performed by the OFC: the assignment of value (Montague and Berns, 2002), reward and reversal learning (Kringelbach, 2005; Fellows, 2007), reward prediction error and fictive error (Boorman et al, 2013), the generation of affective states (Bechara et al, 2000), emotional reevaluation and reappraisal (Johnstone et al, 2007; Wager et al, 2008), decision-making (McClure et al, 2004), and social cognition, among others (Rushworth et al, 2007; Jonker et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic Loop Circuits of the Orbitofrontal Cortex: Promising Therapeutic Targets in Psychiatric Illness

Fettes

Schulze

Downar

2017

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

253

164

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Corticostriatal circuits through the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) play key roles in complex human behaviors such as evaluation, affect regulation and reward-based decision-making. Importantly, the medial and lateral OFC (mOFC and lOFC) circuits have functionally and anatomically distinct connectivity profiles which differentially contribute to the various aspects of goal-directed behavior. OFC corticostriatal circuits have been consistently implicated across a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and substance use disorders (SUDs). Furthermore, psychiatric disorders related to OFC corticostriatal dysfunction can be addressed via conventional and novel neurostimulatory techniques, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Such techniques elicit changes in OFC corticostriatal activity, resulting in changes in clinical symptomatology. Here we review the available literature regarding how disturbances in mOFC and lOFC corticostriatal functioning may lead to psychiatric symptomatology in the aforementioned disorders, and how psychiatric treatments may exert their therapeutic effect by rectifying abnormal OFC corticostriatal activity. First, we review the role of OFC corticostriatal circuits in reward-guided learning, decision-making, affect regulation and reappraisal. Second, we discuss the role of OFC corticostriatal circuit dysfunction across a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Third, we review available evidence that the therapeutic mechanisms of various neuromodulation techniques may directly involve rectifying abnormal activity in mOFC and lOFC corticostriatal circuits. Finally, we examine the potential of future applications of therapeutic brain stimulation targeted at OFC circuitry; specifically, the role of OFC brain stimulation in the growing field of individually-tailored therapies and personalized medicine in psychiatry.

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The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in cognition and behavior

Cited by 59 publications

References 52 publications

Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism

Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism

Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism

Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic Loop Circuits of the Orbitofrontal Cortex: Promising Therapeutic Targets in Psychiatric Illness

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