The role of the secondary phloem during the development of the grapevine Berry Shrivel ripening disorder

Crespo-Martínez, Sara; Sobczak, Mirosław; Różańska, Elżbieta; Forneck, Astrid; Griesser, Michaela

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2018.09.012

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, cell death was more often observed in the rachis cortex and epidermis than in the phloem, and there was typically more cell death in the berries than in the rachis. So, while there may be a relationship between cell death in the rachis and development of BS symptoms (Hall et al 2011, Zufferey et al 2015, Bondada 2016, Crespo‐Martínez et al 2019), the former does not necessarily cause the latter. The present study, however, and earlier research (Krasnow et al 2008, 2009, Tilbrook and Tyerman 2008, Singh 2010, Bondada and Keller 2012a,b) consistently found that berries from BS‐affected bunches of wine and tablegrapes had lower mesocarp cell viability than berries from normally developing bunches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much research aimed at furthering our understanding of BS has focused on the microscopic examination of berries or vascular tissues in the rachis. Partial cell death and other anomalies have been detected in both the berry mesocarp (Krasnow et al 2008, 2009, Bondada and Keller 2012a, 2012b, Bondada 2014) and the rachis phloem (Hall et al 2011, Zufferey et al 2015, Bondada 2016, Crespo‐Martínez et al 2019) of bunches with BS symptoms. More recently, gene expression has been analysed to identify early changes leading to BS symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Onset and progression of the berry shrivel ripening disorder in grapes

Hoff

Bondada

Keller

2020

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Background and Aims The grape ripening disorder called berry shrivel is characterised by cessation of sugar accumulation, low pH, impaired anthocyanin biosynthesis in dark‐skinned cultivars and water loss. We tested whether damage to the bunch peduncle vasculature can induce berry shrivel and whether cell death in the rachis precedes cell death in the berries. Methods and Results Peduncle phloem removal, but not xylem removal, resulted in symptoms resembling berry shrivel. Fluorescein diacetate staining, however, and microscopic observations of non‐manipulated bunches showed that cell death in the berries often preceded that in the rachis. Mesocarp cell death started around the central vasculature proximal to the seeds and spread outward as symptoms worsened. Berries near the bunch tip were the earliest to be affected and developed the most severe symptoms, but ripening of all berries on symptomatic bunches was impaired. Conclusions Loss of functionality of the rachis phloem may not be the primary cause of berry shrivel. The disorder may originate in the distal berries of a bunch and spread towards the proximal berries as they soften at the onset of ripening. Significance of the Study This study contributes towards an eventual understanding of the causes and consequences of an important grape ripening disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset and progression of the berry shrivel ripening disorder in grapes

Hoff

Bondada

Keller

2020

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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“…Past studies focused on morpho-anatomical issues (Hall et al 2011 ; Bondada and Keller 2012a ; Bondada 2014 ; Crespo-Martínez et al 2019 ), nutritional aspects (Bachteler et al 2015 ; Bondada 2016 ; Griesser et al 2017 ), viticultural practices (Raifer et al 2014 ) or on a restricted list of genes (Griesser et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed reduced cell viability in the rachis of BS grapes possibly leading to a reduced transport function, although obvious necrosis on the outside of the rachis is not observed in our case (Hall et al 2011 ; Bondada 2016 ). Recently, in-depth microscopic study of symptomatic BS Zweigelt grapes showed cell deformations and signs of total or more likely partial occlusion of the phloem sieve elements (Crespo-Martínez et al 2019 ). A drawback of all anatomical studies so far is that pre-symptomatic analyses were not possible, as up to date no method exists to predict BS clusters in vineyards as well as a reliable method to induce BS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics of the grape berry shrivel ripening disorder

et al. 2019

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Key message The lower expression at veraison of several ripening master regulators “switch genes” can play a central role in the induction of the berry shrivel ripening physiological disorder in grapevine. Abstract Berry shrivel (BS) is a ripening physiological disorder affecting grape berry with visible symptoms appearing after veraison. Berry shrivel leads to shrinking berries with a reduced weight and a lower content of sugars and anthocyanins. In this study, for the first time a transcriptomic analysis coupled with selected metabolites quantification was undertaken to understand the metabolic modifications induced by the disorder. Different stages of berry development were considered including pre- and symptomatic berries. No metabolic alterations in the berry transcriptome and in the metabolite content was observed in pre-symptomatic and pre-veraison samples. Interestingly, at veraison, with still not visible symptoms appearing on the berry, a subset of genes, called switch genes previously suggested as master regulators of the ripening onset in grape berries, were strongly lower expressed in BS. Later during the ripening phase and with visible symptoms of the disorder, more than 3000 genes were differentially expressed. The genes up-regulated were related to hormone biosynthesis, response to stress and the phenylpropanoid pathway, while the genes down-regulated during ripening belonged mainly to the flavonoid pathway, and the sugar metabolism. In agreement, BS berries showed lower content of sugars and anthocyanins from the onset of veraison onward, while the amount of acids was not significantly affected. In conclusion, these results highlight a pivotal role of the switch genes in grapevine ripening, as well as their possible contribution to induce the ripening disorder berry shrivel, although it remains unclear whether this is part of the cause or consequences of the BS disorder. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11103-019-00859-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Dissimilar from bunch stem necrosis, rachis and pedicels stay viable and green with no obvious symptoms on the surface. Nevertheless morpho-anatomical study observed cell death in the rachis of symptomatic grape clusters of Cabernet Sauvignon (Bondada and Keller 2012b;Hall et al 2011), TEM analysis showed collapsed cells and cell wall thickenings in the secondary phloem (Crespo-Martinez et al 2019) and light microscopy and SEM analyses revealed higher rates of callose deposition on sieve plates (Bondada 2016;Crespo-Martinez et al 2019). Reduced cell viability was also observed in grape berries leading to the assumption that the loss of cell membrane integrity is an important factor for water loss and berry shrinkage (Krasnow et al 2008(Krasnow et al , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytohormone profiles are strongly altered during induction and symptom development of the physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel in grapevine

et al. 2020

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The process of grape berry ripening follows three phases with distinct metabolic processes and complex regulations via phytohormones. The physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel (BS) is characterized by reduced sugar accumulation, low anthocyanin contents, and high acidity in affected berries. The processes leading to BS induction are unknown, but recent transcriptional data on reduced expression of switch genes hint towards a disturbed ripening onset. Herein we investigated the phytohormone composition throughout grape berry ripening in healthy and BS berries in Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Blauer Zweigelt. Thereby we hypothesize that phytohormones are key players for BS induction and suppress the expression of switch genes at veraison. The presented metabolomics and RNAseq data describe two distinct phytohormone profiles in BS berries, differing between pre-and post-veraison with a clear ethylene precursor (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) peak before veraison. Exogenous application of ACC led to BS symptoms, while ethephone application led to berry abscission. During post-veraison, we observed high ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) and low indole-3-acetate aspartate (IAA-Asp) and isopentenyladenine (iP) contents in BS berries and the transcriptional induction of several phytohormone pathways. The presented descriptive data provide valuable knowledge to further decipher the role of phytohormones in BS induction and BS symptom development. Key messageRipening disorder berry shrivel in grapevine leads to distinct phytohormone pattern pre-and post-veraison in grape berries.

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The role of the secondary phloem during the development of the grapevine Berry Shrivel ripening disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Onset and progression of the berry shrivel ripening disorder in grapes

Onset and progression of the berry shrivel ripening disorder in grapes

Transcriptomics of the grape berry shrivel ripening disorder

Phytohormone profiles are strongly altered during induction and symptom development of the physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel in grapevine

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