The role of the sp2:sp3 substrate content in carbon supported nanotube growth

Cartwright, Richard; Esconjauregui, Santiago; Weatherup, Robert S.; Hardeman, David; Guo, Yuzheng; Wright, E. M.; Oakes, D.; Hofmann, Stephan; Robertson, John

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.04.011

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This means that the reduction in growth temperature achieved by adding Cu to Fe is much greater even than the effect of pretreating elemental Fe for longer times under a reducing atmosphere. Alongside with our previous report [20], this work paves the way towards feasible growth methods for CNTs on carbon fibres without significant degradation of fibre properties.…”

Section: 3supporting

confidence: 53%

“…Transition state search is also performed with CASTEP. The calculation parameters are the same as our previous work [20]. As the Fe-Cu alloy retains the BCC structure of Fe when Cu concentration is less than that of Fe [32], we build a supercell of 54 atoms with BCC structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently shown it is possible to grow nanotube forests on sp 2 -rich carbon supports [20]. This has been achieved by using a carbon support with 85:15 sp 2 :sp 3 ratio and pretreating the catalyst (Fe) in inert atmospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With Fe-based catalysts, the typical promoter is Cu. Advantageously, Cu lowers the temperature at which the Fe can be reduced to its metallic [24,28,29], a step combination which is also essential in CNT CVD on fibres [20,30]. Using Fe-Cu as catalyst system, we find it is possible to obtain nanotube growth on sp 3 -rich substrates at temperatures below $500°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low temperature growth of carbon nanotubes on tetrahedral amorphous carbon using Fe–Cu catalyst

Cartwright

Esconjauregui

Hardeman

et al. 2015

Carbon

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Section: 3supporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low temperature growth of carbon nanotubes on tetrahedral amorphous carbon using Fe–Cu catalyst

Cartwright

Esconjauregui

Hardeman

et al. 2015

Carbon

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“…Briefly, C1s peak appearing at 284.5 eV is assigned to sp 2 carbon hybridization, while C1s peak around 285.5 eV is corresponded to sp 3 hybridization of carbon atoms in graphitic materials. As extensively reported in the literature, graphitic materials, such as CNTs, contain carbon atoms mainly in sp 2 or sp 3 hybridization. The higher the sp 2 hybridization feature of CNTs, the higher is their graphitization degree.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cobalt Catalyst Grown Carbon Nanotube/Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Nanocomposites: Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Morphology, Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

2017

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A chemical vapor deposition technique was executed to synthesize multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at different temperatures (550, 650, 750 and 850 °C) using cobalt catalyst. Different concentrations of the synthesized CNTs were melt mixed with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix, and then compression molded. The nanocomposites containing CNT650 had significantly lower electrical percolation threshold (0.3 wt.%) and higher electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness compared to their counterparts. We investigated the underlying reasons by means of various characterization techniques, where the most significant results are as follows. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the synthesis temperature of 650 °C leads to superior carbon purity and CNT quality. We found that 650 °C is the optimum temperature providing sufficient energy for the synthesis with minimum catalyst sintering. Employing light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, it was realized that CNT650 had better micro‐dispersion and nano‐dispersion states within the polymer matrix than the other CNTs. Different characterization methods established that the superior electrical properties of nanocomposites containing CNT650 are attributable to a combination of high carbon purity, high aspect ratio, and high crystallinity of CNT650 along with optimum dispersion state of CNT650 within the PVDF matrix.

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Making Sense of Complex Carbon and Metal/Carbon Systems by Secondary Electron Hyperspectral Imaging

et al. 2019

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Carbon and carbon/metal systems with a multitude of functionalities are ubiquitous in new technologies but understanding on the nanoscale remains elusive due to their affinity for interaction with their environment and limitations in available characterization techniques. This paper introduces a spectroscopic technique and demonstrates its capacity to reveal chemical variations of carbon. The effectiveness of this approach is validated experimentally through spatially averaging spectroscopic techniques and using Monte Carlo modeling. Characteristic spectra shapes and peak positions for varying contributions of sp2‐like or sp3‐like bond types and amorphous hydrogenated carbon are reported under circumstances which might be observed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces as a result of air or electron beam exposure. The spectral features identified above are then used to identify the different forms of carbon present within the metallic films deposited from reactive organometallic inks. While spectra for metals is obtained in dedicated surface science instrumentation, the complex relations between carbon and metal species is only revealed by secondary electron (SE) spectroscopy and SE hyperspectral imaging obtained in a state‐of‐the‐art scanning electron microscope (SEM). This work reveals the inhomogeneous incorporation of carbon on the nanoscale but also uncovers a link between local orientation of metallic components and carbon form.

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The role of the sp2:sp3 substrate content in carbon supported nanotube growth

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Low temperature growth of carbon nanotubes on tetrahedral amorphous carbon using Fe–Cu catalyst

Low temperature growth of carbon nanotubes on tetrahedral amorphous carbon using Fe–Cu catalyst

Cobalt Catalyst Grown Carbon Nanotube/Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Nanocomposites: Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Morphology, Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Making Sense of Complex Carbon and Metal/Carbon Systems by Secondary Electron Hyperspectral Imaging

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