The Role of the Spleen and the Place of Splenectomy in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia—A Review of Current Knowledge

Cvetković, Zorica; Pantić, Nikola; Cvetković, Mirjana; Virijević, Marijana; Sabljić, Nikica; Marinković, Gligorije; Milosavljević, Vladimir; Pravdić, Zlatko; Suvajdžić-Vuković, Nada; Mitrović, Mirjana

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13182891

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 116 publications

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“…Thus, a negative or immunotoxin effect affects the humoral or cellular immunity necessary for the host to trigger an adequate response for its defence (immunosuppression) or cause unnecessary tissue damage (auto-immunity, hypersensitivity or chronic inflammation) [100][101][102][103][104]. In this context, it must be borne in mind that while a nanomaterial may have exciting properties and therapeutic potential, it is essential not to lose sight of its toxicity since the latter limits its application [105][106][107][108].…”

Section: Macrophage Modulation For Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Reactions of Macrophages to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

ZORAH,

ATIYAH,

WATHTHAB ALI

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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In our daily lives, nanomaterials are utilized extensively in paints, textiles, food goods, cosmetics, and medicine. Several investigations aim to deter investigations of the physiological effects in various cell types. The innate immune system's macrophages regulate a wide range of biological functions. Depending on the stimulus, macrophages can be activated toward pro- or anti-inflammatory (M1) phenotypes; however, polarization may change in conditions including cancer, autoimmune illnesses, and bacterial and viral infections. Metal oxide nanoparticles have recently gained significant interest due to their diverse range of unique features with applications in research and industry. The production and usage of nanomaterials will rise significantly as the nanotechnology business grows. As a result, testing the consequences of nanomaterial exposure in biological systems is critical. A comparative analysis is conducted on the toxicities of several metal oxide nanoparticles. The significance of biogenically generated metal oxide nanoparticles has been growing in recent years. However, more research is needed to thoroughly characterize the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles to ensure nanosafety and consider environmental views. To that end, nanotoxicology seeks to assess the toxicity of nanomaterials to physicochemical factors such as size and form. In this review, we focus on the biological reactions of macrophages to metal oxide nanoparticles. Because macrophages are the first cells to engage with nanoparticles when they enter the body, they can absorb them through various processes.

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Section: Macrophage Modulation For Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Reactions of Macrophages to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

ZORAH,

ATIYAH,

WATHTHAB ALI

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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Elective splenectomy for hematological diseases: a vanishing indication

Fernández-Ananin,

Novelli,

Cambeiro Cabré

et al. 2024

Surg Endosc

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Introduction Splenectomy has been used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of hematological diseases for many years. However, the emergence of new medical therapies has modified guidelines for many hematological diseases for which splenectomy was previously considered. We aimed to evaluate the evidence of a decrease in the hematological indications for splenectomy and the reasons and justifications for this change. Material and methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for hematological disease between January 2010 and December 2023. Patients were classified into four groups: 1 autoimmune and hemolytic diseases (HAD), (2) lymphomas, (3) myeloproliferative diseases (MPN), and (4) other splenic diseases. We recorded the annual incidence of splenectomy and the ratio of new medical cases, demographic and clinical data and surgical outcomes. Results During the study period, 98 patients were referred for splenectomy. There was a significant progressive decrease in this surgical indication, particularly regarding HAD (p < 0.001). The indication for splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) declined to zero despite an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with this disorder (p < 0.001). The pattern of decrease in AHAI and Evans syndrome was similar to that in ITP. The group of splenectomies due to lymphoma persisted consistently during the study period, as did the indication for splenectomy in the context of lymphoma treatment. Splenectomy due to massive splenomegaly secondary to MPN was indicated only in one patient. Splenectomies due to other causes were similarly distributed over the years. Conclusions Our findings confirm a significant decrease in the indication for elective surgery for hematological diseases, mainly regarding autoimmune disease. The surgical community and surgical departments should be aware of this situation yet maintain the skills to adopt this technique both safely and efficiently.

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The Role of the Spleen and the Place of Splenectomy in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia—A Review of Current Knowledge

Cited by 2 publications

References 116 publications

Biological Reactions of Macrophages to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Biological Reactions of Macrophages to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Elective splenectomy for hematological diseases: a vanishing indication

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