The role of the standard EEG in clinical psychiatry

O’Sullivan, Sean S.; Mullins, Gerard; Cassidy, Eugene; McNamara, Brian

doi:10.1002/hup.767

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Most of the electrical activity measured is generated in the cortex and is captured by volume conduction after overcoming the resistance of the skull and of the scalp [40–42]. Several attempts were made to identify surrogate patterns of EEG to some psychiatric disorders, without success [41]. In addition, the search for a surrogate pattern remains, trying to correlate EEG alterations with fMRI or PET/SPECT findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Markers in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Trials in Major Depressive Disorder

Fidalgo¹,

Morales-Quezada²,

Muzy³

et al. 2014

The Journal of ECT

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Objectives The therapeutic effects of Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with major depression have shown promising results; however, there is a lack of mechanistic studies using biological markers (BM) as an outcome. Therefore, our aim was to review non-invasive brain stimulation trials in depression using BM. Method The following databases were used for our systematic review: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and SCIELO. We examined articles published before November 2012 that used TMS and tDCS as an intervention for depression and had BM as an outcome measure. The search was limited to human studies written in English. Results Of 1234 potential articles, 52 papers were included. Only studies using TMS were found. BM included immune and endocrine serum markers, neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological outcomes. In 12 articles (21.4%) endpoint BM measurements were not significantly associated with clinical outcomes. All studies reached significant results in the main clinical rating scales. BM outcomes were used as predictors of response, to understand mechanisms of TMS, and as a surrogate of safety. Conclusions fMRI, SPECT, PET, MRS, cortical excitability and BDNF consistently showed positive results. BDNF was the best predictor of patients’ likeliness to respond. These initial results are promising; however, all studies investigating BM are small, used heterogeneous samples, and did not take into account confounders such as age, gender or family history. Based on our findings we recommend further studies to validate BM in non-invasive brain stimulation trials in MDD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Markers in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Trials in Major Depressive Disorder

Fidalgo¹,

Morales-Quezada²,

Muzy³

et al. 2014

The Journal of ECT

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“…Co morbidities of epilepsy and psychiatric disorder is common, yet the most common are depression, nervousness, anxiety, PNES, and less common being Schizophrenia and psychosis. [10][11][12][13][14] EEG revealed that 60% (n-30) had normal findings, 28% (n-14) had Localization related epilepsy (LRE), and 12% (n-6) had Generalized epilepsy (GE). 54% of the patients who were undiagnosed at the time of referral, had the most number of EEG abnormality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of EEG Findings in Patients Referred from Psychiatrists

Chowdhury

Daisy

Rahman

et al. 2012

J. Bangladesh Coll. Phys.

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EEG is not so commonly used in patients attending psychiatry department. It is predominantly required to rule out any organic cause behind the behavioral changes. Purpose of this study was to assess the referred cases from psychiatry department and determine the clinical factors associated with an abnormal EEG in patients with psychiatric problem. We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the data of all the cases referred to EEG lab. Introduction:Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a short period of time, usually 20-40 minutes, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. In neurology, the main diagnostic application of EEG is in the case of epilepsy, as epileptic activity can create clear abnormalities on a standard EEG study. A secondary clinical use of EEG is in the diagnosis of coma, encephalopathy, and brain death. 1

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“…A retrospective review of EEG requests over a 12-month period found that 6.2% of referrals were made by psychiatrists but that psychiatric referrals had the lowest abnormality detection rate (O'Sullivan 2006). A history of epilepsy, being on clozapine and possible convulsive seizures were found to be the only significant predictors of an abnormal EEG recording.…”

Section: Eeg In Current Psychiatric Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

EEG in psychiatric practice: to do or not to do?

Badrakalimuthu¹,

Swamiraju²,

Waal³

2011

Adv. psychiatr. treat

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SummaryElectroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive investigation that can aid the diagnosis of psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders. A good predictor of an abnormal EEG recording is the presence of an organic factor identified during the clinical assessment. The non-invasiveness and low cost of the procedure and its ability to measure spontaneous brain activity appear to attract clinicians to utilise this investigative tool. However, studies have reported that EEGs arising from psychiatric referrals have the lowest abnormality detection rate. The focus of this article is to improve this by highlighting the current pitfalls and providing recommendations for appropriate utilisation of EEG. We describe specific EEG changes associated with major psychiatric disorders. We conclude by offering pragmatic considerations when referring a patient for EEG, emphasising the fact that the information provided to the neurophysiologist plays a crucial role in interpreting the EEG recording in a diagnostically meaningful way.

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The role of the standard EEG in clinical psychiatry

Abstract: Many patients are referred for EEG from psychiatric sources despite a relatively low index of suspicion of an organic brain disorders, based on reasons for referral documented, with an unsurprising low clinical yield.

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Biological Markers in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Trials in Major Depressive Disorder

Biological Markers in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Trials in Major Depressive Disorder

Study of EEG Findings in Patients Referred from Psychiatrists

EEG in psychiatric practice: to do or not to do?

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